疫情下個體的口罩防護及診所防疫作為之探討

2019年終自中國爆發的嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎，之後演變為全球性公衛危機。世界衛生組織於2020年3月11日宣布COVID-19大流行，圍堵、檢疫與隔離構成台灣的防疫主軸。由新冠病毒引起的疫情，會因氣候消失或演變成常態性流感仍未明。本研究對COVID-19的病原體、疾病傳播模式、篩檢和免疫的建立做初步探討。呼吸道疾病以飛沫傳染為主，口罩是防護裝備中簡單基本的；戴上口罩也是非藥物性防疫措施中重要項目。目前仍無實證且過往不重視健康人於戶外戴口罩來預防感染；本研究認為在新興傳染病流行期，全面戴口罩是防疫措施較好的選擇。SARS之後，政府在公衛領域做了變革，從基礎的社區醫療到後送醫院垂直整合，建構完整的疾病防治與感控監測體系，奠定防疫的基石。疫情對各方都造成衝擊，醫療產業也不例外，本研究也說明基層診所在配合防疫的同時也保有安全的就醫環境，調整策略並贏得民眾的信賴。

關鍵字

爆發；肺炎；大流行；檢疫；防疫；口罩；診所

並列摘要

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 from the epicenter of China, a global health crisis has spawned to the extent of which the World Health Organization declared the disease as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Meanwhile, Taiwan also initiated its prevention centered around containment and quarantine. Currently, the situation is still uncertain of whether COVID-19 will disappear in the summer or become a seasonal influenza. This study delves into a preliminary discussion on the pathogens, transmission patterns, screening, and immunity. Since respiratory infectious diseases are mainly transmitted through droplets, facial masks are considered part of the basics in personal protective equipment, and also one of the important nonpharmaceutical interventions. Even though there is no evidence-based research showing that wearing masks can prevent spreading COVID-19 effectively, this study believes that under the period of unknown, universal masking is a relatively good means for prevention. After SARS, the government made changes for the integration of primary care and hospitals, also constructed preventive and monitoring systems in the public health. This pandemic has had a major impact on various industries, including the medical field. Hence, this study shows the efforts and cooperation of the primary clinic, which helped maintain a safe environment, while winning the public's trust by revising their strategies.