銀行特質與其金融創新之關係－以臺灣銀行業為例

Bank Characteristics and Financial Innovation in Taiwan Banking Industry

許馨文(Hsin-Wen Hsu)

指導教授 ： 胡星陽

國立臺灣大學/管理學院/財務金融學研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202100531

摘要

隨著全球金融科技（FinTech）的熱潮興起，臺灣的金融服務產業正在經歷前所未有的改變，有些銀行積極應戰，不斷地在各層面有所創新，有些銀行則較為被動與自我侷限，仍較保守於傳統銀行業務。
　　本研究探討臺灣銀行業的銀行特質與金融創新間之關係。銀行特質包含規模、人力資本、經營效率與經營風險，而金融創新衡量方式有二，一為參考Arnaboldi and Rossignoli (2015)使用之方式，結合瑞士智庫世界經濟論壇歸納的科技應用面，歸納出九個創新構面並評量其創新分數，另一方式則使用銀行無形資產之值衡量。
　　實證結果顯示，當以創新分數衡量金融創新程度時，人力資本與其呈正向關係，意即銀行碩博士佔總員工人數的比例越高時，創新分數越高，且不論規模大小的銀行皆顯著，但僅有非金融控股公司下的銀行有此效果，而銀行風險與創新之間亦有正向關係；此外，當以無形資產做為創新之衡量時，規模大小則最具有顯著的正向之影響，且不論是否為金融控股公司下的銀行、不同規模大小的銀行，或者公股及民營銀行皆為此結果。
　　研究分析發現，若依創新分數將銀行區分為高創新銀行與低創新銀行，高創新銀行相較於低創新銀行，具有較大的規模、較高的碩博士佔總員工人數比例、表現較佳的經營效率，以及較低的經營風險，且高創新銀行在創新的表現上，不論是創新分數或者無形資產，皆明顯地比低創新銀行優秀許多。

關鍵字

銀行業 ； 金融創新 ； 銀行特質 ； 臺灣

並列摘要

As the global trend of FinTech on the rise, this trend impacts Taiwan's financial sector and leads a new era of finance innovation. Some banks engage in intensive research and constantly innovate at all levels, while some limit themselves to traditional banking business.
　　The objective of this paper is to study the relationship between the Taiwanese banks financial innovation and their five characteristics: bank size, human capital, operational efficiency and bank risks. Then, we use two measurements to quantify financial innovation: one is a novel “innovation score”, which is a combined score from six innovation categories based on the previous work of Arnaboldi and Rossignoli (2015) and the applications of technology proposed by World Economic Forum (WEF); the other measurement is based on the value of intangible assets.
　　In our work, while using the “innovation score” as the measurement, we observe that human capital is proportional to the score and the bank risks also positive correlated with this score. In other words, a bank having higher percentage of employees with postgraduate degrees can get higher “innovation score”, no matter how the bank size is. However, it is to be noted that this phenomenon is only significant to those non-FHC banks. On the other hand, when we use intangible assets as the measurement, the bank size would be the most significant factor. Moreover, this result is applicable to all the other banks including FHC banks, non-FHC banks and government-owned banks.

並列關鍵字

Bank industry ； Financial innovation ； Bank characteristics ； Taiwan

參考文獻

Allen, F., Babus, A. (2009). Networks in finance. The network challenge: strategy, profit, and risk in an interlinked world, 367.

Altunbaş, Y., Kara, A. (2011). Why do banks join loan syndications? The case of participant banks. The Service Industries Journal, 31(7), 1063-1074.

Asante, K., Owen, R., Williamson, G. (2014). Governance of new product development and perceptions of responsible innovation in the financial sector: insights from an ethnographic case study. Journal of Responsible Innovation, 1(1), 9-30.

Arnaboldi, F., Rossignoli, B. (2015). Financial innovation in banking. In Bank risk, governance and regulation (pp. 127-162). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

Bettis, R. A., Mahajan, V. (1985). Risk/return performance of diversified firms. Management Science, 31(7), 785-799.