台灣地區當舖業創新營運模式
—以大千典精品當舖為例

當舖業是中國古老的商業，究其歷史已經超過1000年。如此古老的行業能夠存在至今，表示一定有其社會需求，但是若從古籍、傳說、戲劇中窺探，就會發現典當業往往被貼上負面標籤，當舖被視為「剝削」、「欺壓」的場所。典當業想要在社會上立足，卻一直處於陰暗的層面，難以開放典當業的新局面，這不得不說，是一種原罪！這種原罪與人性有關。人到當舖就是需要錢，當舖則能幫人解決燃眉之急，看似雖互利互惠，但當舖會收取利息費用，這給人「趁人之危」、「高利盤剝」的不當觀感，累積人怨之後，就會產生「不得已求之，同時亦恨之」的心態。筆者自16歲（1974年）起進當舖當學徒，當時典當業正面臨著新舊社會更替變遷的時期，可謂躬逢其盛。那段當舖業的鼎盛時期，筆者目睹臺灣整體經濟從脫貧、發展到邁向繁榮，也看盡了當舖與典當人之間的依存與鄙視。筆者年輕時便立志要讓當舖業變成便利且令人尊敬的行業，例如最讓人詬病的利率問題，經筆者努力的結果，年利率從108％不斷降低，降至如今的黃金放款年利率已經只有6％。筆者還提升了許多當舖業的管理方式，例如全面採用電腦管理系統、當票的精確與精緻化、保全系統和安全設備的強化、保險的制度實施、客戶質當品的封存規定、鑒定作業標準化，服務態度也改採專業且貼心的方式。 2015年的今日，筆者經營的大千典精品當舖無論從經營規模或社會口碑而言都已經超越全台2000家民營當舖。筆者感到相當榮幸。但綜觀兩岸三地的當舖發展著實令人憂慮，因為大部分的當舖都在走向錢莊放款型態，這不但加深了典當業負面的效應，也製造了許多令人困擾的治安問題當舖業原是一種與民眾息息相關的行業，發展至今隨著社會發展的腳步，有越來越多的高端客戶或廠商與當舖產生了密集的互動關係。而這些高端客戶或廠商透過現今當舖的創新服務，得到滿意的資金周轉、良好的倉儲管理，也順便取得了市場訊息。另外，對其他個體客戶而言，也能將身邊所擁有的精緻珠寶、高價文物等，透過當舖順利變成現金，解決了資金需求與持有保管上的問題。未來在我的努力下，當舖業將會是一種全新的金融服務業。

關鍵字

典當業歷史；典當業產業創新； SOP作業流程；數位化管理；公營當舖

並列摘要

Pawnshop industry whose history is more than 1,000 years, is an ancient Chinese commercial. Such an ancient industry can exist now, it means the society has the needs, but if we read ancient books, legends, drama, we would find pawnshop industry often been labeled as a negative label, pawnshops always be regarded as the place of "exploitation", "oppression". Pawnshop industry wants to have a foothold in the community, while it always stays in the dark, and is difficult to open a new situation, which have to say that it is an original sin! The original sin is related to humanity. If people went to the pawnshop, it means they need money, and pawnshops help people meet their immediate needs, it seemingly mutually beneficial, but the pawnshop would impose an interest charge, which lead to the negative perceptions: "rebound guy”, "usury" ,etc.. After nursing a grievance, people would generate a meatality-- " forced to seek help, but also hate". Since 16 years old (1974), I went to the pawnshop as an apprentice, at that time pawnshop was facing the period of social changes, I was personally present on the grand occasion. In the pawnshop industry prosperous period, I have witnessed Taiwan's overall economy from poverty, the development towards prosperity, but also have saw everything like the interdependence and contempt between pawnshops and pawnees. When I was young, I was determined to make the pawnshop industry to be a convenient and respectable industry, for example, most people criticized the interest rates, under my efforts, the rates decrease from 108 percent annual interest rate to today's gold loan interest rates only 6%. I also raised a number of management pawnshop industry, such as adopting computer management system, improving the pawn tickets to be precise and refined, strengthening the security systems and safety equipment, implementing the insurance system, the client quality when the product storage provides identification standardization work, service attitude shift to professional and caring manner. Nowadays, Depawn Shop ,which I managed, has been beyond Taiwan 2000 private pawnshops, no matter in the business scale or the social reputation. I feel honored about that. But the fact that the development of pawnshop industry in Great China is really worrying, because most of the pawnshops operate as banks towards lending patterns, which only deepened the pawn negativestereotype, but also created many troubling security problems. Originally, pawnshop industry was closely to the society. With the pace of social development, a growing number of high-class customers or vendors have intensive interactions with pawnshop. Through pawnshop’s innovation services, these high-class customers or vendors are satisfied with the cash flow, good storage management, and the way to get the market information. In addition, for other individual customers, they can transform their fine jewelry, expensive artifacts etc. to cash through pawn shops, to solve the problem of financing needs and keep hold on the goods. In the future, with my efforts, pawnshop industry will be a new financial services.