刺紋小龍蝨族的親緣關係與分類學研究

Phylogeny and Taxonomic Studies of Bidessini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae)

汪澤宏(Liang-Jong Wang)

指導教授 ： 楊平世

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/昆蟲學研究所/博士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.00181

摘要

本研究以全世界的刺紋小龍蝨族為材料，以支序分類原理及方法來進行其親緣關係的探討。支序分析根據158種刺紋小龍蝨及其有親緣訊息的57個成蟲特徵。分析結果有9棵樹長為98的最短樹，樹型分析指數分別為一致性指數0.65，保留指數0.90，校正的一致性指數0.59。以9棵最短樹所產生的公同樹及偏好的一棵最短樹來探討刺紋小龍蝨族的親緣關係，皆可得到很好的解析能力。分析的結果可提供釵h刺紋小龍蝨族的親緣訊息，可以此客觀的基礎對刺紋小龍蝨族的分類系統進行修正。兩個明確的子孫共有特徵可支持刺紋小龍蝨族的單源系，這兩個特徵分別是前胸背板基部脊紋以及雌性生殖器的受精囊外表有刺紋。Huxelhydrus 屬是刺紋小龍蝨族中最原始的。目前的Liodessus屬是一個複系群，美洲的Liodessus屬是一個單系群且是真的Liodessus。澳洲的Liodessus屬亦是一個由3個明確的子孫共有特徵所支持的單系群，其姊妹群是Allodessus屬。因為沒適合的屬級地位所以建立一個新屬Austrodessus n. gen. 以包括這些種類。亞洲唯一的一種屬於Liodessus屬的Liodessus megacephalus (Gschwendtner)在樹型上是在Allodessus屬的支系內，Allodessus屬有2個子孫共有特徵。非洲Liodessus屬的親緣關係則不清楚。目前分類系統分布在澳洲的Bidessodes種類被處理為新屬Wattsdessus n. gen.的種類。Hydroglyphus thienemanni (Csiki) 在樹型上是屬於Allodessus屬的支系，因此Allodessus屬的分布範圍擴展到東南亞。Pseuduvarus屬被處理為Hydroglyphus屬的同物異名。Clypeodytes屬不是個單系群，移去幾個種之後就是有2個明確的子孫共有特徵所支持的單系群。經由分析後，Leiodytes屬只剩下2個種。原歸於Clypeodytes屬的Paraclypeus亞屬經由提升為獨立屬，且擁有2個明確的子孫共有特徵，很多原先是Clypeodytes屬及Leiodytes屬的種類現在都歸於這屬。Pachynectes (Yoloides)亞屬是Yolina屬的同物異名。Crinodessus屬降為Neoclypeodytes屬的亞屬。有刺小龍蝨族的32個屬皆進行分類學研究。

關鍵字

親緣關係 ； 單系群 ； 刺紋小龍蝨族

並列摘要

The phylogenetic relationships within Bidessini were studied with a cladistic framework. The analyses were based on 158 species of Bidessini and 57 phylogenetically informative adult morphological characters. Analyses under equal weighting produced nine most parsimonious cladograms of 98 steps (CI = 0.65, RI = 0.90, RC = 0.59). A consensus tree generated from the nine MPCs and a preferred MPC were both resolved. The results of the analyses provide much information and objective basis for the taxonomic treatments within Bidessini. The monophyly of Bidessini was supported based on two unambiguous synapomorphies: presence of pronotal basal stria and female genitalia with spermathecal spine. Huxelhydrus is the most basal in Bidessini. Liodessus is indicated as polyphyly. American Liodessus was confirmed as a monophyletic group and is true Liodessus. Australian Liodessus represents another monophyletic group based on three unambiguous synapomorphies and to be the sister group of Allodessus. Austrodessus n. gen. is proposed to include this group. A single species of Asian Liodessus (Liodessus megacephalus (Gschwendtner)) is placed in the lineage of Allodessus supported by two unambiguous synapomorphies. The phylogenetic position of African Liodessus is unknown. Bidessodes is not a monophyly. American Bidessodes species forming a monophyly is far from Australian Bidessodes. Australian Bidessodes represent a single genus and Wattsdessus n . gen. is proposed for it. Hydroglyphus thienemanni (Csiki) is grouped in the clade of Allodessus and expands its range from Australia to SE Asia. Pseuduvarus is treated as a junior synonym of Hydroglyphus. Clypeodytes is not monophyletic. After removing some species from this genus, Clypeodytes is well supported by two unambiguous synapomorphies. Leiodytes is not a monophyly and only two species were left in this genus. Clypeodytes (Paraclypeus) is supported by 2 unambiguous synapomorphies and I propose to elevate it to generic rank. Many previous Clypeodytes and Leiodytes species are now assigned to this genus. Subgenus Pachynectes (Yoloides) is proposed to be a junior synonym of Yolina. Crinodessus is relegated as a subgenus of Neoclypeodytes. Thirty-two genera of Bidessini are reviewed.

並列關鍵字

cladograms ； Bidessini ； Austrodessus n. gen ； Wattsdessus n . gen

參考文獻

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