翡翠水庫水質與魚類之相關性研究

A Study of the Correlation Between of the Fishes and Water Quality in the Feitsui Reservoir

許棖曜(Chang - Yao Hsu)

指導教授 ： 侯文祥

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/生物環境系統工程學研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2008.00259

摘要

翡翠水庫為大台北地區公共用水的主要來源，自1987年完工後，長期建立水質監測資料，而1988年起也陸續監測魚類資料。因此，本研究目的為探討魚種數量變化與水質變化之關係，可供日後台灣本島以生物控制水質管理法，作為本土集水區水質永續經營管理之操作參考依據。
本研究調查翡翠水庫內魚類，調查漁法以流刺網法為主，以捕獲重量、尾數百分比，探討自2006年6月至2007年11月，累計11次的魚類調查，與近十年的魚類調查文獻資料比較，分析優勢種的改變、季節別與水域別的魚類組成變化等，探討魚類組成在時間與空間的分布狀況。再將捕獲魚種重量、尾數、密度，分別與總磷、葉綠素a、透明度、藻類個數等水質優養化因子進行相關性分析，且以食性分析結果，探討不同魚種數量變化與水質之關係。
研究結果顯示，在魚類組成變化方面，餐條與斑駁尖塘鱧為2006年在水庫內新增捕獲魚種。大型鯉科魚種黑鰱與小型鯉科魚種大眼華鯿仍為水庫優勢種，而八年前的中大型優勢魚種高身鯽的捕獲重量、尾數百分比已明顯降低，紅鰭鮊、吳郭魚、餐條等有取代高身鯽成為水庫內優勢魚種的趨勢。至於不同魚種與水質的相關性顯示，黑鰱與高身鯽的數量與總磷、藻類個數呈現負相關，且由其食性分析結果顯示，對於減少水庫藻類數量，具有正面助益。而吳郭魚數量與藻類個數呈正相關。
本研究調查顯示翡翠水庫魚類物種數量增加，應與人為放生有關，建議應持續監測魚類組成的變化，以建立更明確的魚類與水質關係之基礎資料，提供本土水資源保護與管理之重要參考依據。

關鍵字

翡翠水庫 ； 生物控制法 ； 魚類相 ； 優養化 ； 魚類食性

並列摘要

The Feitsui Reservoir is a main source of the public water in the Taipei, since completing in 1987, set up water quality monitoring materials for a long time, and monitored the fishes materials for successively from 1988, so, this research purpose is to probe into the relation that fingerling quantity change and water quality change, offer the Feitsui Reservoir Administration to biomanipulation management of water quality as the Sustainable management of reference materials.
This research investigates fishes in the Feitsui Reservoir, investigate the fishing law relies mainly gill nets, in order to percentage of weight and number, probe into it from 2006.6~2007.11, a total of 11 the fishes survey, and the fishes nearly a decade of comparative literature, it is analysis of the dominant species, seasonal and other changes etc. We research the relation between the variations of fish weight, number, density index in different water quality with analyzing the correlation, including the total phosphorus, chlorophyll-a, transparency and alga, etc.
The result of this study shows that the fish fauna of the change, Hemiculter leucisculus and Oxyeleotris marmorata in 2006 to capture the new species in the reservoir. The larger cyprinids Aristichthys nobili and small size fish Sinibrama macrops still for the dominant species in the reservoir, and that percentage of catching weight from the original dominant species of larger cyprinids, Carassius cuvieri eight years ago, were lower than that prior to 2000 obviousl and Culter erythropterus, Oreochromis sp and Hemiculter leucisculus have replaced Carassius cuvieri to become the new dominant species in Feitsui Reservoir. As for the different fingerling and water quality of the relevance of the show, Aristichthys nobili and Carassius cuvieri the number and total phosphorus, number of algae showed a negative correlation, by the analyzing the feeding habit reveal that reducing the alga of number have positive benefits in Reservoir. However, Oreochromis sp the umber and algae of number was positively correlated.
This research investigation shows fishes fingerling's quantity of the Feitsui Reservoir increases, should relate to free captive fish artificially. We propose that the monitoring of variation in the condition of fish fauna should be carry out continually, and establish the continuous, correlative information between fish and water quality.

並列關鍵字

Feitsui Reservoir ； biomanipulation ； Fish Fauna ； eutrophication ； feeding habit

參考文獻

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