情緒低落者注意力現象初探:行為抑制與行為激發系統的調節角色

Exploring Attention of Individuals with Depressed Mood: The Moderating Roles of Behavioral Inhibition and Activation System

李雅萍(Ya-Ping Lee)

指導教授 ： 陳淑惠

國立臺灣大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.00413

摘要

根據Beck（1967）的基模理論、Bower（1981）的網絡聯結理論以及Clark與Watson（1991）的三元模式，可推論憂鬱者憂鬱心情與負向訊息處理偏誤有關，而正向訊息處理偏誤缺乏正向情緒有關。過去憂鬱者注意力投注與注意力脫離現象的相關研究結果，顯示雖具有負向及正向訊息注意力偏誤的傾向，但較不穩定。因此本研究嘗試以Gray（1982）的行為抑制及行為激發系統做為第三變項，探討其對憂鬱者注意力現象特徵的調節作用，並同時將注意力現象特徵與情緒反應加以結合，期待此種整合性地研究設計，可以更進一步檢驗過去理論所提出的情緒一致性假說。本研究共包含兩大研究，研究一為發展本地適用的中文版行為抑制與行為激發量表，第一階段以150位大學生為樣本進行因素分析，以此分析結果做為題目潤飾的基礎，第二階段則另招募152位大學生進行潤飾後中文版量表因素結構及心理計量特性檢驗。研究二則以119位大學生為樣本，檢驗憂鬱傾向與注意力現象之關聯是否會受到行為抑制與行為激發系統活化程度的調節，並探討注意力現象對情緒反應的影響。本研究結果顯示（1）中文版行為抑制與行為激發量表為一具有良好心理計量特性，可有效測量相關概念的本土化工具。（2）整體來說，憂鬱程度與負向及正向刺激的注意力現象特徵無顯著相關，但憂鬱傾向與負向注意力投注之關聯會受到行為抑制系統活化程度的調節，行為抑制系統活化程度較低時，憂鬱傾向與負向注意力投注有顯著的負相關。（3）注意力現象與情緒誘發前後情緒改變量無顯著關聯。本研究嘗試以迴向抑制效果及警覺-逃避理論之角度切入，討論行為抑制系統調節效果的可能意涵，並進一步說明研究的可能貢獻與限制，以及未來可行的研究方向。

關鍵字

憂鬱 ； 注意力現象 ； 行為抑制與行為激發系統 ； 情緒誘發

並列摘要

According to the Schema theory（Beck, 1967）, Associative network theory（Bower, 1981） and Tripartite theory（Clark & White, 1991）, previous researchers suggested the correlation between negative attention bias and depressed mood, as well as positive attention bias and the lack of positive mood. However, empirical studies did not reveal consistent findings on attentional phenomena. Therefore, the present study aimed firstly to investigate the moderating role of the behavioral inhibition and activation system（Gray, 1982） between attentional engagement and disengagement in depressors, and secondly, to examine the relationship between individuals’ attentional phenomena and depressed mood. With an integrated design, the present study intended to further examine the mood consistent hypotheses. Two studies were included. Study one aimed to validate the Chinese version of the Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Scale（BIS/BAS）. In the first stage（N = 150）, factor analysis was performed, and scale items were revised accordingly. In the second stage（N = 152）, factor analysis was performed on the revised scale, and its psychometric properties were examined. Study two（N = 119） aimed to examine: 1） whether the relationships between depressed mood and attentional biases were moderated by the activation level of behavioral inhibition system（BIS） and behavioral activation system（BAS）; and 2） the relationships between attentional biases and mood changes after mood induction. Results indicated that, first of all, the BIS/BAS scale showed satisfactory psychometric properties. Secondly, the correlations of depressed mood and attentional biased were insignificant overall. However, the moderating role of the BIS between depressed mood and negative attentional engagement was revealed. Specifically, when the BIS was less active, significant negative correlation was noted between depressed mood and negative attentional engagement. Finally, the correlations between participants’ attentional bias and the mood changes before and after mood induction were insignificant. Based on the above findings, the present study tried to use structure aspects such like Inhibition of Return（IOR） and Vigilance-Avoidance Theory to discuss the possible meaning of moderating effect. Possible application and future research directions were also addressed.

並列關鍵字

Depression ； Attention ； Behavioral Inhibition and Activation System ； Mood Induction

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