數位影像相關法於高速主軸即時監測與機械系統動態行為及車輛追跡之跨領域量測

Digital Image Correlation Technique for Real-Time Monitoring of Spindles, Dynamic Behavior of Mechanical System and Trajectory Measurement from Vehicle Tracking

毛英澤(Ying-Ze Mao)

指導教授 ： 馬劍清

國立臺灣大學/工學院/機械工程學研究所/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201902587

摘要

數位影像相關法(Digital Image Correlation, DIC)為非接觸式全域光學量測技術，相較於傳統量測方法，其實驗架設相對簡單，在可見光環境下即可進行量測，多用於計算全域位移及應變，為當前實驗應力分析中重要的光測力學方法之一，且於相關科學及工程領域廣泛使用。
本文應用數位影像相關法量測系統於跨尺度及跨領域工程問題之精密量測，首先以即時量測系統監測高速主軸於不同運轉條件之熱變形過程，分別得到全域位移及應變資訊，並且比較不同空間參數對微米等級精密量測的影響。進而使用高取樣頻率數位相機記錄機械系統動態過程，透過數值分析方法評估汽車懸吊元件及避震器實際緩衝效果，並獲得倉儲系統機械手臂之位移、速度、加速度及振動頻率資訊。最後整合無人飛行載具，應用於交通工程之車輛行駛追蹤與分析，達到多點量測、自動追蹤的要求，同時探討相關係數於樣板子集合旋轉之影像追蹤過程的變化，以及量測參數設定對實驗結果的影響。
此外，數位影像相關法量測系統亦可與AMETEK LRX PLUS材料試驗機輸出訊號與壓電薄膜(Polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF)、布拉格光纖光柵 (Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG)等其他感測器之量測結果互相對照，從而驗證量測系統之準確性，以期完整評估相關問題之形變狀況及動態特性。

關鍵字

數位影像相關法 ； 全域 ； 即時量測 ； 跨尺度 ； 跨領域 ； 精密量測

並列摘要

Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is a non-contact and full-field optical measurement technique for experimental stress analysis. Compared with traditional methods, this experimental technique is relatively simple to set up and can be used in visible light, it has become an increasingly popular approach, in relevant fields of science and technology.
This thesis applies digital image correlation system to the precision measurement of multi-scale and multi-field engineering problems. First, it explores the monitoring of thermal deformation and strain of high-speed spindles in real-time, and indicating the effects of different gauge factors on measurement with sub-pixel precision. Then, using a high frequency record of mechanical system dynamic behavior, the performance of suspension elements and shock absorbers are evaluated by numerical analysis. A third application calculates the displacement, velocity, acceleration and vibration frequency of the robotic arm in a retrieval system. Finally, the method is applied to a video feed from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to track automobile trajectory in transportation engineering, demonstrating the method’s ability to meet the demands of automatic and multiple-object tracking. The change of correlation coefficient and influence of parameter setting during the subset template rotation are discussed.
The results obtained from DIC method are compared with those acquired from other experimental techniques, including Materials Testing Machine (LLOYD LRX Plus Ametek, USA), Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to assist in analysing deformation process and dynamic behavior, demonstrating the reliability of digital image correlation measurement system.

並列關鍵字

Digital Image Correlation ； Full-field ； Real-time ； Multi-scale ； Multi-field ； Precision Measurement

參考文獻

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