全身高強度阻力訓練與停止訓練介入對於中老年人功能能力與心肌內膜下心活力率的影響

Effect of Whole Body High-Intensity Resistance Training and Detraining on the Functional Capacity and Subendocardial Viability Ratio in Middle-Aged to Older Adults

周建宏(Chien-Hung Chou)

指導教授 ： 林信甫

國立臺灣大學/共同教育中心/運動設施與健康管理碩士學位學程/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202103561

摘要

背景: 許多涉及老年人的研究指出，阻力訓練可以促進最大肌力與功能能力的提升，但是究竟較長時間的阻力訓練，對心肌內膜下活力率 ( SEVR ) 的影響，目前仍不清楚。若SEVR下降，代表會導致心血管風險增加，對於阻力訓練促進健康效益而言，為重要之研究議題。目的: 探討八週全身高強度阻力訓練對中老年人最大肌力、功能能力指標與SEVR的影響。方法: 受試者為28位55至75歲的健康中老年人 (阻力訓練組的平均年齡為66.0±5.1 years、平均BMI為23.2±2.9 kg/m2；控制組的平均年齡為62.1±6.0 years、平均BMI為24.2±2.8 kg/m2 )，所有受試者並依隨機分派方式分為阻力訓練介入組與控制組。阻力訓練組以器械方式進行為期八週，每週3次之高強度全身阻力訓練，每次訓練強度為80%1RM，共6個動作，各3組。控制組則維持正常生活作息，不進行任何介入。並檢測八週訓練前、八週訓練後、四週不訓練後，共三個時間點之最大肌力、功能能力指標與SEVR。結果:阻力訓練組在八週高強度阻力訓練後最大肌力顯著高於訓練前(RT-pre: 231±105 kg，post: 324±150 kg)。功能能力測驗中的椅子坐站秒數顯著低於訓練前(RT-pre: 10.4±2.2 s，post: 8.3±1.4 s)。功能能力測驗中的步態速度秒數顯著低於訓練前(RT-pre: 3.0±0.4 s，post: 2.7±0.5 s)。四週停止訓練後最大肌力仍然顯著高於訓練前但與訓練後相比顯著下降(RT-pre: 231±105 kg，post: 324±150 kg，detraining: 295±124 kg)；而功能能力測驗中的椅子坐站秒數與訓練後相比無顯著差異且顯著低於訓練前(RT-pre: 10.4±2.2 s，post: 8.3±1.4 s，detraining: 8.2±1.3 s)，功能能力測驗中的步態速度秒數與訓練後相比無顯著差異且顯著低於訓練前(RT-pre: 3.0±0.4 s，post: 2.7±0.5 s，detraining: 2.8±0.4 s)。兩組別在在八週高強度阻力訓練與四週停止訓練後SEVR皆無顯著變化(RT- pre:153±23%，post:155±34%，detraining :148±26%；CON-pre:142±18%，post:154±27%，detraining :148±26%)。結論:八週高強度阻力訓練後能顯著增加最大肌力與功能能力，且在四週停止訓練後仍能維持阻力訓練效果。八週高強度阻力對於SEVR沒有影響，可能不具降低心肌血流灌注的風險。

關鍵字

最大肌力 ； 步態速度 ； 心臟功能

並列摘要

Background: Many studies indicate that resistance training can promote maximal muscle strength and functional capacity, but the effect of longer duration resistance training on myocardial subendocardial vital ratio (SEVR) is still unclear. With decreased SEVR, it may lead to increased cardiovascular risk, which is an important research question for the health benefits of resistance training. Purpose: To investigate the effects of eight weeks of whole body high intensity resistance training on maximal muscle strength, functional capacity markers and SEVR in middle-aged to older adults. Methods: Twenty-eight healthy middle-aged and older adults aged 55-75 years (RT= age 66.0±5.1 years, BMI 23.2±2.9 kg/m2； CON= age 62.1±6.0 years, BMI 24.2±2.8 kg/m2) were randomly assigned into a machine-based resistance training intervention and a control group. The resistance training group consisted of high intensity whole-body resistance training at 80% 1RM, 6 exercises and 3 sets each, 3 times per week. The control group maintained normal lifestyle without any forms of exercise intervention. The maximum muscle strength, functional capacity and SEVR were measured before, after the 8-week training, and after the 4-week detraining period. Results: The maximum muscle strength of the resistance training group was significantly higher after eight weeks of high intensity resistance training than before the training (RT-pre: 231±105 kg, post: 324±150 kg). The chair sitting and standing in the functional capacity test were significantly improved than before the training (RT-pre: 10.4±2.2 s, post: 8.3±1.4 s). Gait speed were significantly improved than before the training (RT-pre: 3.0±0.4 s, post: 2.7±0.5 s). Maximum muscle strength was still significantly higher after the 4-week detraining but significantly lower compared to post-training (RT-pre: 231±105 kg, post: 324±150 kg, detraining: 295±124 kg); and chair sitting and standing performance not significantly different compared to post-training and were significantly lower than pre-training. There was no significant change in SEVR in both groups after eight weeks of high intensity resistance training and four weeks of detraining (RT-pre: 153±23%, post: 155±34%, detraining :148±26%； CON-pre: 142±18%, post: 154±27%, detraining :148±26%). Conclusion: Eight weeks of high intensity resistance training significantly increased maximal muscle strength and functional capacity and maintained the training effect after four weeks of detraining. Eight weeks of high-intensity resistance had no effect on SEVR and may not be associated with a risk of decreased myocardial perfusion.

並列關鍵字

maximal muscle strength ； gait speed ； cardiac function

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