近年來層出不窮的食品安全事件,對消費信心及農產品銷售常造成重大打擊,由於我國食品追溯系統尚未完全實施,食品風險事件發生後,常因而無從追究源頭,找出風險製造者,因此對農產品市場形成重大打擊。本研究從產銷履歷制度概念的理論基礎,風險社會理論重要概念架構出發,分析我國近年來媒體揭露之重大食品風險事件;並探究履歷制度的根源,歐洲狂牛症疫情與基因食品爭議,歸納概念上食品風險治理與產銷履歷制度之概念根源。 在應然面方面,現代農業與食品生產方式由於常涉及高度科學不確定性之風險爭議,必須透過強化風險治理及風險溝通機制,以保障消費者食的安全,並同時強化農作物生產的風險控管,以保障守法農民;此外,產銷履歷制度於先進國家行之有年的情況下,若不推行產銷履歷制度將使我國農產品出口形成阻礙,因此我國亟需產銷履歷制度的施行。其次,在實然面方面,本研究訪談消費者、小農及政府官員之後,顯示產銷履歷制度若能貫徹實施,對消費信心、食品風險治理有一定成效,然而履歷制度對於我國以小農、一公頃以下小型耕地為主的農業型態,具有社會結構面的限制,形成無法達到導入制度之生產規模的推行困難。再者,由於履歷制度必須投入資訊設備的投資,若銷售售價未提升,或產銷結構並未因此更加平衡,將連帶影響農業生產者的制度參與意願;而生產成本增加所造成的糧食價格上升,對於消費者購買意願亦構成影響。 建議履歷制度能以非大宗作物做為先行實施對象,建構充足配套措施之後,再逐步推廣到其他糧食大宗作物,以避免糧價進一步推升,並針對農地整合、導入高素質年輕農業生產者方得以解決我國農業結構面問題。
The recent incidence of food safety has had a great impact on the consumers’ confidence towards the agricultural products. Due to the imperfective Agriculture and Food Traceability System (TAFT) in Taiwan, it is difficult to track down the origin of the agricultural products. The purpose of the present study is to reveal the problems of TAFT and current policies on food safety in Taiwan. I analyzed several cases that revealed the problems of food safety in Taiwan based on the framework of Social Risk Theory, and conducted interviews regarding these cases with consumers, individual farmers, and administrators. The results indicate that the application of high technology in food production has raised the uncertainty level of food safety. Hence, it is essential to strengthen the risk management and communication methods in the production process. In addition, TAFT has been implemented in developed countries for many years, so, an imperfective TAFT system will be an obstacle for exporting our agricultural products to these countries. Furthermore, the interviews revealed that the implementation of TAFT will definitely raise the consumers’ confidence level towards agricultural products. Moreover, it will facilitate the progress of the agricultural industry in Taiwan. Therefore, I suggest that we should employ TAFT to agricultural goods with limited or small quantity of production first. Once a complete system has been set up, we will be able to expand such system to goods with large production. This will prevent further raise in food price and it will solve current problems in the structure of the agricultural industry (e.g. the involvement of younger generation in the industry, the conjunction of farming fields…etc.) as well.