應用靜電紡絲技術生產木質素纖維過濾材料

Developing Lignin-based Electrospun Fibrous Materials for Filtration

張家源(Chia-Yuan Chang)

指導教授 ： 張豐丞

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/森林環境暨資源學研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.10193

摘要

木質素是一生物性材料，大量存在於植物體當中且為製漿過程之副產物，具有成本低、生物可分解等優點，本研究利用靜電紡絲技術將木質素製成奈米等級之纖維，並應用於空氣過濾方面。經實驗發現許多參數皆會影響纖維成型與否，不良的靜電紡絲條件會產生串珠結構、纖維表面不均勻等缺點，嚴重者甚至無法產生纖維結構，因此本研究以電子顯微鏡針對不同變因所形成之纖維進行照相，並以纖維直徑、形態等為主要分析目標。分析結果指出溶液濃度、針徑、電壓和流速等因子會顯著影響纖維直徑，且不同參數之間存在交互作用，將不同參數對纖維直徑之影響以統計分析所得迴歸式具有高度相關性。另外將木質素纖維所形成之薄膜進行空氣過濾試驗，結果顯示單獨使用木質素纖維並無法得到良好的過濾效果，此乃因其機械性質較弱等因素所造成。若將木質素和PEO結合市售口罩進行靜電紡絲作業後，所得複合式濾材具有良好的空氣過濾效果，達到N95標準，可作為未來改良、發展的目標。

關鍵字

木質素 ； 纖維 ； 靜電紡絲 ； 空氣過濾

並列摘要

Lignin is believed to be an important biomaterial, since a vast quantity of lignin would be byproduced during the pulping process. If reprocessing properly, we can not only achieve waste recovery but also reduce the cost of raw material. By introducing electrospinning technology, a layered-web structure of lignin fibers can be formed, which may have a great potential in filtration application. Therefore, the focus of this research was mainly on developing lignin fibers as filter media using electrospinning technique. The electrospinning process was operated and fibers were produced and analyzed, and various factors such as solution concentration, needle gauge, applied voltage and flow rate of solution were statistically significant on fiber diameters. Since different factors were correlated, multiple regression analysis was conducted. The regression model showed that fiber diameter was highly correlated with different factors and interaction terms. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the filtration efficiency of lignin-based filter, a series of tests were conducted. Preliminary results showed that the lignin-based filter had relatively insufficient efficiency due to its unfavorable mechanical properties. However, laminating with PEO fibers and surgical masks to form a lignin-based composite filter, according to the testing results, its filtration efficiency was comparable to N95 level. Therefore, the lignin-based composite filter was assumed to have a great potential on air filtration applications.

並列關鍵字

Lignin ； fiber ； Electrospinning ； air filtration

參考文獻

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