「親緣」與「業緣」之間：創業團隊形成、動力與成敗

過去文獻指出雙策略之於創業團隊的重要性，即在尋找團隊成員過程中，同時運用人際吸引策略與資源尋求策略以確保創業團隊的早期成功。然而這些觀點多以西方創業團隊做為探討對象，尚缺乏華人創業團隊的驗證。特別是，當雙策略中的人際吸引策略被運用到華人創業團隊時，是否因其具備更加豐富的內涵，進而對創業團隊績效產生出不同的影響。為了補足上述缺口，本研究在過去文獻的基礎上，將人際吸引策略中所運用的關係更加細膩地區分為既定關係與真正關係，並分別探討這兩種關係對於創業團隊績效的影響效果及作用機制。本研究採用質性研究的配對案例研究法，選取中國大陸的兩個創業團隊做為樣本，對於創業團隊的形成、動力與成敗進行了深入的理解與研究。結果顯示：既定關係是一種人際互動的規則，團隊成員會因既定關係建立出角色義務，並為了符合角色義務形塑出以個人利益為導向的認知，展現出相應的行為，削弱了成員在專業知識、能力與經驗等資源上具備的價值，對團隊的互動氛圍與創業結果產生不利影響；反之，真正關係則可以幫助團隊成員建立起以團隊利益為目標的想法與態度，進而在創業過程中充分展現出解決問題的意願與能力，發揮成員間專業知識、技能及經驗之綜效，最終幫助團隊取得成功。本研究揭示出雙策略對於華人創業團隊可能存在的潛在影響，為日後的團隊形成策略研究提出了新的發現。

關鍵字

華人關係；雙策略；創業團隊；團隊形成策略

並列摘要

Building on studies that have stressed the importance of Dual Strategy, i.e. the simultaneous usage of interpersonal attraction strategy and resource seeking strategy in early entrepreneurial team success, this study explores the role of guanxi (Chinese relationship) in the process of entrepreneurial team formation, dynamics and performance. We seek to understand how different guanxi strategies influence the formation of entrepreneurial team, the ways in which guanxi influences personal cognition and how individual behaviors and team dynamics are impacted and developed thus leading to entrepreneurial failure or success. To examine these questions, comparative case studies were undertaken drawing data from two entrepreneurial team located in mainland China. The data reveal the essential distinction between assumed and real guanxi, and the interwoven connections between guanxi and team success/failure, examining the processual aspects of entrepreneurial team formation, dynamics and performance. Although previous studies have viewed guanxi largely as a resource to facilitate the team formation and interaction, these results reveal the importance of guanxi nature in determining entrepreneurial team formation, dynamics and performance.