透過您的圖書館登入
IP:18.220.160.216
  • 學位論文

利用基因轉殖技術提升痲瘋樹內生細胞分裂素含量及去除痲瘋樹種子中佛波酯毒素之研究

Engineering cytokinin-related genes to enhance cytokinin level and using RNA interference-based gene silencing of CASBENE SYNTHASE 1 for seed detoxification in Jatropha curcas L.

指導教授 : 葉開溫

摘要


由於痲瘋樹種子含油量高且為非食用作物,故近來成為熱門的能源作物,但痲瘋樹仍有些缺點阻礙其邁向生質柴油產業化發展,例如種子產量低以及全株有毒,使之榨油後的餅粕無法再利用製造動物飼料。前人研究指出透過外加細胞分裂素於痲瘋樹花序上能促進細胞分裂,使花朵數目增加進而使種子產量提升;也有研究指出細胞分裂素生合成的關鍵酵素—異戊烯基轉移酶 ( isopentenyltransferase,IPT),以及將細胞分裂素降解之酵素—細胞分裂素氧化酶 (cytokinin oxidase,CKX) 為主要影響植物中細胞分裂素含量之酵素,並且影響植物之種子產量。由於利用外加細胞分裂素提升痲瘋樹產量會使生產成本過高,因此本研究目標為利用基因轉殖的方式提高痲瘋樹內生細胞分裂素含量,進而改善其產量。本研究首先施加人工生合成的細胞分裂素— 6-benzyladenine 於痲瘋樹花序上,證明細胞分裂素會影響痲瘋樹產量後,進一步去探討JcIPTs及JcCKXs在痲瘋樹各器官之表現情形,作為構築載體之基準。根據JcIPTs及JcCKXs表現量分析,構築了JcCKX5-RNAi和35S::JcIPT1兩種載體,利用農桿菌轉殖法送入痲瘋樹,並且突破了研究室先前轉殖株發根及馴化之瓶頸,目前35S::JcIPT1轉殖株系15之JcIPT1表現量高於轉殖空載體之痲瘋樹將近五倍,35S::JcIPT1轉殖不定芽之株系1內生細胞分裂素高於轉殖空載體之痲瘋樹近九倍,可知本研究構築之35S::JcIPT1載體轉殖入痲瘋樹後可在痲瘋樹中大量表現,提高細胞分裂素含量。另外為了去除痲瘋樹內生性毒素,使其榨油後之餅粕可再利用作為動物飼料,提升其經濟價植,本研究也探討痲瘋樹主要毒素佛波酯 (phorbol ester) 之生合成酵素蓖麻烯合成酶 (casbene synthase,CAS) 在營養器官及不同階段果實的基因表現情形,JcCAS1主要表現在根及萌發中種子表現,不會在葉片中表現,並且隨著果實成熟,JcCAS1表現量隨之提升,進而構築JcCAS1-RNAi之載體進行轉殖,期望能得到無毒之痲瘋樹轉殖品系,目前已有兩株轉殖株,生長狀態良好。

並列摘要


Jatropha curcas L. is one of the best candidates for biodiesel production owing to high oil content of seeds. However, there are several disadvantages, such as low seed yields and phorbol esters toxicity of seed cake for feedstuff use. Previous studies indicated that cytokinin spraying was able to promote cell division, repressed apical dominance and led to increase seed yield of J. curcas. Our preliminary study revealed that exogenous application of 6-benzyladenine on inflorescence caused phenotypical changes of numerous flowers and higher seed yield. Previous studies have shown that ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE and CYTOKININ OXIDASE were two genes playing the major roles in controlling endogenous cytokinin level and seed yield in plants. In order to increase endogenous cytokinin level in J. curcas, we have constructed CKX5-RNAi and 35S::JcIPT1 vectors based on the spatial expression profile of JcIPTs and JcCKXs and transformed to J. curcas mediated by A. tumefaciens. Data revealed the JcIPT1 expression level in 35S::JcIPT1 transgenic line 15 is much higher than empty-vector transformed J. curcas. The 35S::JcIPT1 transgenic line 1 has higher cytokinin level than empty-vector transformed J. curcas. In parallel, the seed detoxification by engineering JcCAS1-RNAi is in progress. Casbene synthases (CASs) catalyze the first step of phorbol ester (PE) biosynthesis. PEs are the main toxic compounds in J. curcas. Our spatial expression profile of JcCAS1 indicated that JcCAS1 had higher expression level in roots and germination seeds but did not express in leaves. The expression level of JcCAS1 increased towards fruit maturity. Thus far two transgenic lines were obtained.

參考文獻


古森本 (2008)。生質能源作物之開發與潛力。農業生技產業季刊。  
許峻賓 (2007)。全球再生能源發展概況。經濟部能源局能源報導。
蔡芷妤 (2012)。激勃素調控痲瘋樹株高之研究與建立轉基因系統培育高產及半
Aloni, R., Langhans, M., Aloni, E., Dreieicher, E., and Ullrich, C.I. (2005). Root-synthesized cytokinin in Arabidopsis is distributed in the shoot by the transpiration stream. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 1535-1544.
Atkins, C., and Pigeaire, A. (1993). Application of cytokinins to flowers to increase pod set in Lupinus angustifolius L. Crop and Pasture Sci. 44: 1799-1819.

延伸閱讀