- 學位論文
在信用擔保機制下製造商對供應商最佳採購決策模式-允許供應商兩次供貨之研究
Optimal Sourcing Model of Manufacturer by Considering Partial Fulfillment under Credit Guarantee Mechanism
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摘要
中小企業對於台灣的經濟發展，佔有舉足輕重的地位，然而企業的發展需要資金，中小企業常常面臨缺乏固定資產、擔保機制不建全、信用不足、缺乏足夠信用之擔保品等因素使銀行不易評估風險，也就不願貸款給他們，故淪為銀行融資體系下的弱勢族群。如此困境造就信用擔保機制的形成，信用擔保者對於具有發展潛力但欠缺擔保品之中小企業提供信用保證，分擔金融機構融資之風險，提高金融機構對中小企業提供融資之信心，願意貸款給中小企業，使供應鏈能順利運行，進而促進經濟穩定與繁榮。 另外，供應商在生產時免不了會發生遲交的情形，利用部份訂單運送及欠撥折扣的概念，可降低遲交所帶來的損失或避免遲交而增加整體供應鏈的存貨成本，本研究欲延伸此概念，從製造商利潤最大化的角度出發，建立允許供應商能二次供貨的信用擔保機制模型，並使用規劃求解的方式，探討在供應商不同違約機率及可供貨比率對於製造商利潤、供應商利潤、銀行利潤、銀行放款利率及違約時與銀行的分攤比例等所產生的影響，並且找出在不同情境下之製造商最佳採購模式，提供製造商一個採購時的參考依據。
並列摘要
In Taiwan, Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) play an important role in economic development. Operating an enterprise cost much, however, SME have difficulties in obtaining loans from banks and financial institutions because of scanty asset, unsound credit mechanism, credit deficiency, etc. Banks are not willing to lend to SEM which do not have adequate collateral or suitable record of financial transaction to prove that they are creditworthy. For these reasons, credit guarantee schemes are set up with the purpose of offering the collateral and covering some portion of the losses incurred when borrowers default on loans to encourage banks to lend to SEM, moreover, to create economic prosperity. On the other hand, using partial order shipment and backorder discount can reduce the losses and inventory cost of manufacturer from unavoidable shipment delays by suppliers. This paper combines these concepts as mentioned above by building up a supply chain model which illustrates the credit guarantee scheme that allows supplier to have the second chance to deliver the unfulfilled order to the manufacturer. Our model intends to maximize the profit of manufacturer by applying a nonlinear program to find the optimal solution. Also, the impact on manufacturer’s profit, supplier’s profit, bank’s profit, lending rate and the portion of risk loss between lender and manufacturer under different default possibility and the rate of delivering are analyzed. Finally, some managerial insights are presented to provide useful implications for manufacturer procurement decision.
參考文獻
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