臺灣原住民獵槍管制之研究

本文重點在於研究臺灣原住民獵槍之管制情形，包括臺灣自清治時期、日治時期，以及國民政府來臺至民國72年制定《槍砲彈藥刀械管制條例》，將獵槍列為管制品前，各時期統治政權管制原住民獵槍之相關政策與法令規範；此外，也探討我國施行《槍砲彈藥刀械管制條例》後迄今，管制原住民獵槍之現行法令規範沿革，並透過量化與質性實證研究，釐清我國各地方法院適用《槍砲彈藥刀械管制條例》第20條第1項除罪化規定時，就各適用要件所採實務見解與所生疑義；同時，參考與我國同樣採取槍枝管制政策的日本，如何開放一般民眾合法持有制式獵槍狩獵，但又能有效管制並預防獵槍所可能引發的危險，維持良好的社會治安。本文研究結果發現，臺灣原住民在《槍砲彈藥刀械管制條例》施行前，尚能持有制式獵槍狩獵，但在獵槍被列為管制品後，原住民所能合法持有者，僅能是符合相關定義的自製獵槍，雖然現今司法實務適用《槍砲彈藥刀械管制條例》的除罪化規定時，就各適用要件趨向於放寬解釋之見解，然而，法規要求原住民以自製的落伍槍枝打獵，而不能使用較安全的現代化制式獵槍狩獵，本質上已有違憲疑慮，也不必然就能達到立法者維護社會治安的真正目的。反觀日本也相當重視社會治安之維護，卻未禁止持有制式獵槍狩獵，而將管制獵槍重點置於危險預防，包括對申請持有獵槍者的身心狀態，或使用獵槍之知識與技能等方面進行嚴格審查及要求，並配合各種行政措施，全面性地避免獵槍所可能引發的事故或事件。基此，本文認為我國未來對於原住民獵槍之管制，應有條件地開放原住民使用制式獵槍狩獵，且管制原住民獵槍應著重於持有獵槍者的適格性審查等危險預防措施，才能在尊重並保障原住民傳統文化發展之意旨，與維護社會治安的目的間取得平衡。

關鍵字

原住民；自製獵槍；制式獵槍；槍砲彈藥刀械管制條例；除罪化；危險預防

並列摘要

The focus of this thesis is to study regulations of hunting guns for Taiwanese indigenous people, including Taiwan under Qing Dynasty rule, Japanese Colonial Period, the “Controlling Guns, Ammunition and Knives Act” setup in 1983 after the national government arrived in Taiwan. It seeks to address the relevant policies and regulatory norms of the ruling regime’s regulations of hunting guns for Taiwanese indigenous people before hunting guns listing as a regulated item during various periods. In addition, the history of the existing regulatory norms for regulations of hunting guns for Taiwanese indigenous people starting from Taiwan’s promulgation of the “Controlling Guns, Ammunition and Knives Act” until now was also explored. Quantitative and qualitative empirical studies were also adopted to clarify the practical stances for the applicable documents and queries that may arise under the circumstances. The provisions on decriminalization in Paragraph 1, Article 20 of the “Controlling Guns, Ammunition and Knives Act” as applicable to the district courts in Taiwan are also examined. At the same time, Japan that adopted the same gun control policy as that of Taiwan shall serve as a reference on how to open standard hunting guns for hunting to the general public for legitimate holding while effectively controlling and preventing possible hazards arising from hunting guns and maintaining sound social order. The research results show that prior to the implementation of the “Controlling Guns, Ammunition and Knives Act,” Taiwanese indigenous people’s standard hunting guns holding for hunting had been allowed. However, following the listing of hunting guns as a regulated item, the indigenous people are allowed to legitimately hold only self-made hunting guns that meet the related definitions. Although in today’s judicial practice applicable for the decriminalization provisions in the “Controlling Guns, Ammunition and Knives Act,” the applicable documents tend to be inclined towards the stance of relaxing interpretations. However, the law requires the indigenous people to use self-made outdated guns for hunting, rather than using safer modernized standard hunting guns for hunting, which, in essence, already raises unconstitutional doubts and does not necessarily accomplish the legislators’ ultimate goal of maintaining social order. Japan on the other hand also gives great emphasis to the maintenance of social order but does not prohibit the holding of standard hunting guns for hunting. Instead, its focus on hunting gun regulation lies in hazard prevention, including strict reviews and requirements regarding the physical and mental state of the applicants applying for hunting gun possession, hunting gun use knowledge and skills. In addition, with the various administrative measures, accidents or events possibly triggered by hunting gun use can be comprehensively avoided. In view of this, this thesis deems that Taiwan’s future regulation of hunting guns for Taiwanese indigenous people should conditionally open standard hunting guns for hunting to indigenous people. Moreover, the focus of hunting guns for Taiwanese indigenous people regulations should focus on hazard prevention such hunting gun holders’ eligibility reviews in order to achieve a balance between the intention for protection indigenous traditional cultural development and the purpose of maintaining social order.

並列關鍵字

Indigenous People ； Self-made Hunting Guns ； Standard Hunting Guns ； Controlling Guns, Ammunition and Knives Act ； Decriminalization ； Hazards Prevention