番茄耐高溫外表性狀評估方式之建立

Establish an Evaluation System of Thermotolerant Phenotype in Tomatoes under Heat Stress

傅璿(Hsuan Fu)

指導教授 ： 蔡育彰

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農藝學研究所/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201902858

摘要

番茄在全世界被廣泛的種植，是相當重要的蔬菜之一。但隨著全球暖化及氣候變遷，極端氣候的發生日趨頻繁，高溫會使葉綠體受損降低番茄植株的淨光合作用效率，造成生長阻礙，且番茄在開花授粉階段對於高溫非常敏感，此時也最易受高溫影響而降低花粉活性導致產量降低。過去已有許多研究於開花階段進行花粉及花器的量測以選拔耐熱品種，然而多為較繁複與破壞性的測量並費時較多。因此本研究在番茄營養生長階段，利用葉綠素螢光、葉片角度、熱成像、葉面反射光譜等非破壞性且相對快速的量測方式調查高溫下短時間與長時間的生理表現以建立其與產量之間的關聯性，並同時探討各種生理指標之間的關聯以供後續試驗能更有效率地進行。本研究結果顯示高溫下六個試驗品種中，LA3120具有最高的開花著果率，且葉綠素螢光在長時間高溫下仍可維持與對照組相似之表現；而較不耐高溫品種的Y(NO) 則顯著提高。葉冠溫度在高溫處理後短時間內我們發現不耐高溫品種LA0530調節葉溫的速度較慢。各品種的葉片角度在高溫處理後都有減少的趨勢。而葉片反射光譜所衍生的植生指數相較於其他指標與著果率有較好的相關性，此研究結果可作為耐高溫逆境外表型的選拔指標。此外，葉綠素螢光及植生指數與葉片中的色素含量有顯著相關，同時也能提供與光合作用相關的資訊，因此這些快速的量測方式應可作為評估番茄耐高溫性狀的替代方案。

關鍵字

番茄 ； 高溫 ； 葉綠素螢光 ； 熱成像 ； 反射光譜 ； 葉片夾角

並列摘要

Tomato is one of the most important vegetables widely grown around the world. Since global warming and climate change is getting worse, extreme weather happens more frequently. The high temperature will reduce the net photosynthesis efficiency of plants, damage the chloroplast and inhibit the plant growth. In addition, tomato, especially during flowering and pollination stage, is very sensitive to high temperature. Many studies have shown the correlation of pollen activity and floral organ development with tomato thermal tolerance. However, these measurements are usually required to destruct the tissues and also labor-intensive and time-consuming. Therefore, the aim of this study is to utilize the non-destructive and relatively rapid methods such as chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf angle, thermography, and the foliar spectral reflectance to establish the correlation between the physiological response and the yield under the heat stress. The phenotypes of six tomato varieties were evaluated under short-term and long-term heat stress and LA3120 showed the highest fruit setting rate. LA3120 also maintains similar chlorophyll fluorescence under the control and heat conditions. The heat-sensitive varieties had elevated quantum yield of nonregulated non-photochemical energy loss in PSII (Y(NO)) after subjected to long-term heat stress. The most heat sensitive variety, LA0530, showed no fruit at high temperature and the slowest rate to adjust the canopy temperature upon the heat stress. The leaf angle to the main stem of each cultivar tended to reduce after high-temperature treatment. The vegetation indices derived from the foliar reflection spectrum had higher correlations with fruit setting rate relative to other indices. In addition, correlation coefficient analysis between indices showed that chlorophyll fluorescence and vegetation index were significantly correlated with pigment content in leaves, and those two methods also provided more information than pigment content. Therefore, these phenotyping indices can be used as effective alternative methods for stress tolerance evaluation.

並列關鍵字

Tomato ； heat stress ； chlorophyll fluorescence ； thermography ； spectral reflectance ； leaf angle

參考文獻

Alberto P, Oriana S, Despoina P, Silvia V, Julian Garcia B (2008) Evaluation of low-energy demand adaptive mechanisms in Sangiovese grapevine during drought. OENO One 42:41-47

Alsamir M, Ahmad N, Keitel C, Mahmood T, Trethowan R (2017) Identification of High-Temperature Tolerant and Agronomically Viable Tomato (S. lycopersicum) Genotypes from a Diverse Germplasm Collection, 5:1-10

Amani I, Fischer RA, Reynolds MP (1996) Canopy Temperature Depression Association with Yield of Irrigated Spring Wheat Cultivars in a Hot Climate. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 176: 119-129

Aparicio N, Villegas D, Casadesus J, Araus JL, Royo C (2000) Spectral Vegetation Indices as Nondestructive Tools for Determining Durum Wheat Yield. Agronomy Journal 92:83-91

Ara N, Yang J, Hu Z, Zhang M-F (2013) Determination of Heat Tolerance of Interspecific (Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata) Inbred Line of Squash 'Maxchata' and Its Parents through Photosynthetic Response,19:188-197