身為當前國際唯一強權,美國的一舉一動總是受到國際注意,尤其是四年一次的總統大選,由於牽涉領導人替換後的外交走向與國際情勢,各國無不矚目。2008年的美國總統大選,遠在東半球的兩岸三地也同樣關注。不過台灣、香港及中國大陸由於長期分治而有不同的政經體制與社會環境,再加上各自與美國有不同歷史互動與情感,可以推測,兩岸三地對於美國的態度未必相同,媒體報導美國大選的策略也未必一致。國際新聞馴化是說明媒體將國際事件經過一連串策略而呈現給本地閱聽眾的過程,因此本研究將以馴化的觀點,探討兩岸三地報導2008年美國總統大選新聞的策略異同,並探究差異的原因。 本研究蒐集三地共六家報紙的相關報導,分別是台灣的《聯合報》與《自由時報》、香港的《大公報》和《蘋果日報》,及大陸的《人民日報》和《南方都市報》。研究第一部分採量化內容分析,發現三地報紙在新聞來源、消息來源、報導主題、報導手法、報導偏向等類目上,均呈現不同的特色與差異。研究認為影響三地報紙馴化的因素並不相同,台灣報紙的馴化主要是商業利益考量,大陸報紙是受到國家利益影響,而香港報紙的馴化策略則同時受制於商業考量與中國利益。此外,媒體定位也會影響馴化方式,例如屬於大陸中央黨報的人民日報與市場化的南方都市報,就有不同的馴化策略。 研究第二部分以新聞論述分析法,在美國總統大選眾多議題中,選取與兩岸三地最切身關連的馴化主題─美中台關係,分析其中的經貿議題與台灣議題。從論述分析的結果可以發現媒體立場也是影響馴化的因素之一。此外,研究並藉由比較整體美國大選新聞與美中台關係報導的馴化策略與因素,指出議題的切身程度對新聞馴化的影響。
As the only international superpower in present time, the U.S. undoubtedly receives much attention from the rest of the world. The once-every-four-year American presidential election is especially one event that attracts the eye of people. However, for people in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Mainland China, such distant event may require the process of news domestication to be more comprehensible. Therefore, this study aims at exploring different domesticating strategies and factors in these three regions when covering the 2008 American presidential election. Collecting reporting materials of 6 newspapers from the three regions, the study first conducted a content analysis. The result of content analysis shows differences of domesticating strategies in terms of the origins of news sources, the news subjects, and the tone of coverage. The result indicates that the main factor of domesticating news in Taiwan is commercial interest, while the main factor in China is national interest. Domesticating strategies of newspapers in Hong Kong are influenced both by commercial interest and national interest. Meanwhile, the orientation of media also contributes to the domestication of news. The second part of the study is a news discourse analysis of news reporting about U.S.-China-Taiwan relationship among coverage of this presidential election. Issues of U.S.-China trade imbalance and cross-strait relation were discussed. The outcome highlights the importance of political stand of media when covering these issues. In addition, by comparing the results of content analysis and news discourse analysis, the study suggests the proximity of issue to domestic audience would play a role in domesticating news.