台灣性侵害案件判決與法醫學證據的關聯性分析

性侵害案件在各國皆是重要的犯罪議題，鑑於目前我國性侵害的定罪率與法醫學證據的相關性研究數據缺乏，本研究從終審確定判決書，評估性犯罪與法醫學證據收集結果，由審判實例中分析法醫證據在判決書中的呈現與影響判決情形，研究目的是分析台灣不同性侵害型態的判決與法醫學證據力的關係，以期有助於提昇法醫師與司法人員專業能力及保障性侵害受害者人權與維護司法正義。本研究方法為應用民國89-107年終審判決有罪案件判決書與判決無罪案件判決書，分析各項偵查證據(包括測謊、攝錄、社群媒體紀錄)與法醫學證據(包括一般身體傷及肛陰部或口腔傷痕及DNA人別鑑定結果) 被判決書引用及闡述的結果。本研究收集177件有罪判決案件與18件無罪判決案件，其中有罪比例90.8%。全部案件中被害人以女性佔多數（95.9％），未成年佔 (48.2％），多為本國國籍（94.9％），有易受傷性者 (智能障礙及精神疾患) 佔12.8％，加害人以男性佔多數（97.6％），性侵害使用武器加害的情形佔 6.7%，檢測有酒精者佔12.8%，有鎮靜安眠藥者佔6.7%，有DNA鑑定者佔9.2%，判決書有引用驗傷診斷書者為56份，其中被害人有肛陰部傷害者在有罪判決為43.8%，在無罪判決為62.5%，一般身體部位之傷害在有罪判決為60.4%，在無罪判決為 100%，罹患創傷後壓力症候群在有罪判決為10.2%，在無罪判決為5.6%。本研究未能呈現法醫學證據與判決有顯著相關性。期望未來有更多關於各項偵查證據與法醫學證據被判決書援引及闡述結果分析的研究，提升國家司法公平正義。

關鍵字

性侵害；法醫學證據；判決書；傷痕；人別鑑定

並列摘要

Sexual assault cases is an important crime issues in all countries. Given there is little academic research that has examined the contribution of forensic evidence to criminal justice outcomes in Taiwan, we analyzed the final judgement from 2000 to 2018 year, and evaluated how investigation evidence (including polygraph, video recording, social media records) and forensic evidence (including anogenital and general body injuries as well as DNA profiles) influence the judgment in the court. We collected the verdicts of 177 convictions and 18 acquittals, of which 90.8% are guilty. Among these cases, the majority of victims were female (95.9%), 48.2% were under 18 years old , 94.9% were Taiwanese, and 12.8% were vulnerable persons (intellectual disability and mental disorders). The majority of assailants were male (97.6%). The weapons usage occurred in 6.7% of the cases. Alcohol involved cases accounted for 12.8%, and hypnotics involved cases accounted for 6.7%. Those with DNA identification accounted for 9.2%. Among the 56 verdicts with physical examination reports, anogenital injuries were documented in 43.8% and 62.5% of guilty verdict cases and acquittal cases, respectively. General body injuries were documented in 60.4 % and 100% of quilty verdict cases and acquittal cases, respectively. Posttraumatic stress disorder were noted in 10.2% and 5.6% of guilty verdict cases and acquittal cases, respectively. There was no association between prescence of forensic evidence and guilty verdict. We expect there will be further research for the influcence of the investigation and forensic evidence to judgment in the future.