都市環境中認知自然度之影響因子探討

Factors Affecting Perceived Naturalness in Urban Environments

黃昱瑄(Yu-Hsuan Huang)

指導教授 ： 鄭佳昆

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝學研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2011.00824

摘要

近年來，大眾開始注意到自然環境的重要性，相關研究多使用客觀的實質視覺指標作為自然程度分野之依據。然而，受到不同文化、背景及各種條件等影響，對於環境主觀的認知自然度也不盡相同。本研究基於自然為社會建構的概念，主要目的為瞭解都市環境中影響人們主觀認知自然度的因子，除了一般常見的視覺元素之外，是否還有其他抽象意涵的影響因子。因此，本研究以三個不同的實驗來探索此一問題。
　　本研究第一階段為蒐集都市環境中的景觀組成元素與自然度之間的關係，使用主動式照相法及開放式問卷填答的方法，請受試者選擇相對自然的戶外空間拍攝照片，並將回收的照片作內容分析，歸納出一般大眾認為自然的元素。實驗結果得到兩個主要的影響類別為「視覺上實質的自然」及「抽象形式的自然」，各類別又可細分為多項元素。
　　第二階段進一步使用量化方式探討認知自然度之向度，參考第一階段研究結果，將這些可能的因素透過相片因素分析方法，抽取出影響都市環境中認知自然度之因素。結果顯示，在都市環境中得到三個影響自然度的向度為「建築立面及結構物」、「對整體環境的熟悉感受」和「環境中的天然元素」。
　　第三階段則是根據前面兩個階段的實驗結果，搜尋這些向度中可能影響認知自然度的特定因子，針對這些因子是否對人們認知自然度具有影響力作深入探討。首先，篩選出欲測試的因子，確立變項並建立研究假設，接著將篩選出的因子進行照片模擬，透過網路問卷調查進行資料蒐集。結果顯示，四項實質的環境因子（植被開花、田園景觀、老舊元素和塑膠火鶴）皆會影響人們主觀認知自然度。未來於都市環境設計中，若能控制此四項因子其背後的抽象意涵（健康、鄉村氣息、老舊感受及受人為影響），將可透過規劃或設計之手法，塑造出能讓使用者感覺自然的空間，進而改善都市生活的環境品質。

關鍵字

自然的 ； 人工的 ； 建構式自然 ； 認知自然度

並列摘要

Many researchers have shown that visual elements have been widely used for evaluating naturalness. However, the perceived naturalness of the environments is cultural and social constructed. Based on the concept of cultured nature, the main purpose of this study is to identify elements that influence humans’ perceived naturalness in urban environments, and to understand the relationship between elements and humans’ perceived naturalness. Volunteer‐employed photography method and content analysis were used in study1. All participants were asked to take photos in several places where they though it is natural. After receiving the returns of photos, the contents of these photos were categorized. The findings indicated that there are two categories have effect on perceived naturalness. One is visual elements, and the other is non-visual elements. Based on the results of study1, an online survey was conducted to investigate the dimensions and meanings of perceived naturalness in study2. Factor analysis was used to categorize the photos with similar considerations of naturalness. The findings showed that there were three main factors. The first factor was the facet and volume of building, the second was the familiarity of the environments, and the environment with natural elements was the last factor. Study3 was to test the specific elements which have effect on perceived naturalness based on the results of study1 and study2. Through a photo-based online survey, all elements were manipulated and compared. The results revealed that there were four elements have positive effect on perceived naturalness, including flowers, farmland, old elements, and plastic pink flamingo. The current study suggests that people perceived environmental naturalness from different sources, including physical and abstract factors. The results will contribute to our understanding of natural environment. It will also improve the way we design and manage environment if we can control the meanings of these elements, such as healthy, rural, and old materials.

並列關鍵字

natural ； artificial ； cultured nature ； perceived naturalness

參考文獻

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