- 學位論文
我國高中海洋教育的實施與檢討
Implementation and Review of General Marine Education at Senior High School in Taiwan
摘要
由於臺灣是個四面環海的島嶼，因此從二十一世紀開始，海洋的永續經營成為國家政策的發展方向。2001年行政院發布《海洋白皮書》，宣示我國為「海洋國家」，之後，教育部陸續於2007年公布《海洋教育政策白皮書》、2008年公布《高中海洋教育科目課程綱要》，進一步將海洋教育視為當前教育發展的目標與重大議題。 本文主要以內容分析法與深入訪談法研究我國海洋教育政策的發展，首先針對《海洋教育政策白皮書》及《高中海洋教育科目課程綱要》的內容進行分析，接著說明高中實施海洋教育的方式，並針對現職教師與學生進行訪談與問卷施測，瞭解師生對高中海洋教育的看法與評估、進一步分析推動海洋教育課程遭遇的問題，以及實施海洋教育課程對學生的影響，最後提出本研究的發現與建議。 本研究發現，我國的海洋教育政策目標是以國家發展為前提，強調「親海、愛海、知海」，培養學生具備海洋素養；而高中海洋教育並未單獨設科，課程實施方式是以教科書融入為主，重大議題融入為輔，但易受升學主義影響而使海洋教育議題被邊緣化。 本研究建議如下：首先，十二年國教實施後的新課綱應對海洋教育有更明確的定位。其次，海洋教育應該朝發展多元特色課程進行教學活動設計。最後，有關當局需有多方面配套措施以提高校園環境中的海洋意識。
並列摘要
Because Taiwan is an island surrounded by the ocean in all directions, the sustainable development of the ocean has become a vital part of the policy of the government since the onset of the 21st century. In 2001, the Executive Yuan issued White Paper on Marine Policy, declaring Taiwan a “marine country.” Subsequently, the Ministry of Education also released White Paper on Marine Education Policy in 2007 and Curriculum Guideline for Senior High School Marine Education Courses in 2008, further making marine education both a goal of current educational development and one of the pivotal issues to address. This study adopted content analysis and in-depth interviews to investigate the development of marine education in Taiwan. To begin with, the content of White Paper on Marine Education Policy and Curriculum Guideline for Senior High School Marine Education Courses was thoroughly analyzed, followed by a detailed explanation of the way marine education had been implemented in senior high school. What’s more, the researcher also conducted interviews with in-service teachers and senior high school students, with an eye to understanding both the teachers’ and students’ views about the marine education in senior high school, the problems that arose in the process of promoting marine education, and the impact of marine education on the students. Finally, some discoveries of academic research and suggestions were also offered at the end of this study. In this study, it was discovered that the fundamental goal of Taiwan’s marine education was to facilitate national development, with an emphasis on the idea of “embracing, loving, and understanding the ocean” as well as helping students cultivate their marine literacy. Nevertheless, marine education is not an independent subject in high schools and, in consequence, the method of carrying it out is usually to incorporate it into the textbooks primarily and into important issues secondarily. The drawback of this practice is that in this way marine education tends to be influenced by credentialism and thus marginalized. The suggestions offered by this study are as follows. First, the new curriculum guideline of the 12-year compulsory education should bestow more explicit orientation upon marine education. Second, the teaching activities of marine education should be designed in line with the development of diverse distinctive courses. Third, authorities concerned are supposed to raise the marine awareness on campus.