勞工階級職業婦女之受雇勞動工作與幼兒照顧安排

Working-class women’s experience of employment and preschool-child-care

吳庭育(Ting-Yu Wu)

指導教授 ： 陳怡伃

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/社會工作學研究所/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202200498

摘要

在探討女性就業與家庭照顧議題時，較少關注到母職經驗因階級、族群等社會位置不同產生的差異，勞工階級女性在家庭和勞動市場中的處境，相較於中產階級和貧窮階級，是既有文獻中被隱身的群體，她們在就業與育兒所遭遇的真實處境有待探討。因此，本研究旨在探討勞工階級女性在受雇的勞動工作與學齡前幼兒的照顧安排之間的經驗，理解她們的生活圖像。本研究採取質性研究的「深度訪談法」，共訪談8名育有學齡前子女，且現階段從事第二級產業或基礎行政庶務的職業婦女，後續以主題分析法進行資料分析。首先在家庭場域中，研究發現在現實考量下，勞工階級女性的生命劇本兼顧多角，且精於計算經濟和時間成本，許多決定與安排實際上受情感約束。再者，受訪者在勞動場域中，經常以育兒照顧為核心來轉換工作的地點和職務，也可見照顧責信與工作責信相互影響。值得注意的是階級位置的差異，，勞工階級女性不若中產階級展現的密集母職，或是透過市場購買照顧服務，她們多依賴親屬資源、非正式資源來補足學齡前兒童密集的照顧需求，而且，勞工階級女性處於高度時間貧窮，經濟的現實與時間的緊張耗費了她們相當程度的精力。

關鍵字

幼兒照顧 ； 工作家庭衝突 ； 母職 ； 時間彈性

並列摘要

Regarding women's work and family issues, most of the literature focuses on middle-class families. Limited research explicates the differences in motherhood experience due to different social positions such as social class. The situation of working-class women in the family and the labor market remains to be explored. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the experience of working-class women with a focus on their work and care arrangement of preschool children. This study adopts the in-depth interview method. A total of eight working women with preschool-aged children who are currently engaged in secondary industry or basic administrative job are interviewed. The qualitative data analysis is carried out by thematic analysis method.
The study finds that, under many practical considerations, the life script of working-class women involves multi-dimensional roles and they are proficient in calculating economic and time costs. Many of the decisions and arrangements are actually constrained by relational emotions. In employment, they often make arrangements surrounding childcare. Constantly, the accountability between childcare and work is in tension. The difference from middle class women calls for further research. Unlike the counterpart purchases child care services through the market, working-class women rely on informal resources to meet the intensive care needs of their preschool children. Additionally, they encounter time poverty so that make it difficult for them to take care of their children in an expert way.

並列關鍵字

child care ； work-family conflict ； motherhood ； time flexibility

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英文文獻