三維空間位相關係探討—以CityGML進行實作

Three-dimensional Topological Relationship Implemented with CityGML

邱曉靖(Hsiao-Ching Chiu)

指導教授 ： 趙鍵哲

共同指導教授 ： 徐百輝(Pai-Hui Hsu)

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202200547

摘要

三維地理資訊系統（3-Dimensional Geographic Information System，3D GIS）可廣泛適用於各種情況，像是城市導覽、防災規劃等。但目前而言，大多應用僅著重在視覺化的呈現，而缺乏位相關係和位相關係的描述，因此難以發揮其在空間分析上的優勢。位相關係為空間關係的一個分支，主要描述空間物件間的鄰接性及連接性。一套良好的位相關係模式將有助於驗證空間資料的正確性、定義空間物件間的關係，以及實現空間查詢等，進而促進三維空間資料的多元應用發展。
CityGML（城市地理標記語言）為目前三維資料的標準，其內容包含幾何及位相關係模型，也包含各式語意主題的屬性規範。CityGML在幾何資料模式上主要繼承GML3，但是為了降低資料的複雜度，其並沒有使用GML3的位相關係模式。取而代之的是透過一種超連結的方式—XLink引用共有部分進而將有關係的物件串聯起來。雖然這種方法的確較為簡便，但是卻無法表達空間物件間實際的幾何相交情況亦無法透過語意得知位相關係類型。因此，本文致力於建立一套可與CityGML相容的三維位相關係模式。
本文首先界定各維度基礎物件之定義並釐清位相關係述詞種類，接著統整形成一組完整的位相關係成果。再進一步依據已訂定之位相關係延伸發展成位相關係規則，以便進行資料的篩選與除錯工作。最後為保持資料的流通與互操作性，設計一可與CityGML相容之位相關係儲存框架。

關鍵字

位相關係 ； CityGML ； 位相關係規則 ； 空間資料庫

並列摘要

3D GIS can be used in many different situations, such as city guides, disaster prevention planning, etc. In the past, most applications focused on visualization, and lacked the description of semantics and topological relationships. As a consequence, it is difficult to give full play to its advantages in spatial analysis. Topological relationship as a branch of spatial relationship mainly describes the adjacency and connectivity between objects. A well-defined topology system could be used for data validation, defining the relationship between objects, and spatial queries. Furthermore, it promotes the development of multiple applications of three-dimensional spatial data.
CityGML is the current standard for three-dimensional data. Its content includes a geometric-topological model, as well as attribute specifications for various semantic themes. CityGML mainly inherits GML3 in the geometric data model. But, to reduce the complexity of the data, CityGML uses the XML concept of XLink to implement topology. Although this method is relatively simple, it cannot transmit the geometric intersection information between spatial objects. Therefore, this research is to establish a three-dimensional topology system that has compatibility with international standards.
To achieve that goal, this research is divided into three parts. The first part is about defining topological relations between basic objects. The second part is the establishment of topological rules. These rules can be used to check for errors or compose constraints. The last part is to develop the storage framework of topological relationships and ensure that it is compatible with CityGML.

並列關鍵字

Topological relationships ； CityGML ； Topology rules ； Spatial databases

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