地方政府機關開放資料分享之影響因素探討─以臺中市政府為例

Exploring the Determinants of Open Government Data: A Case Study of Taichung City Government

賴泱州(Yang-Chou Lai)

指導教授 ： 楊東謀

國立臺灣大學/文學院/圖書資訊學研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.00716

摘要

政府開放資料可以視為尚未被大量開發的巨大資源，此種資源可被自由地使用、再使用與散佈，並在各種領域發揮其價值。世界各國認知其重要性，於數年前便已著手推動相關計畫。而隨著國外開放資料趨勢所影響，國內開放資料議題也逐漸熱門，政府機關對其自身的資料所採取的態度也從傳統保守的保護政策轉向開放資料以及資料透明化的理念，並藉由推動開放資料政策達到政府資料透明化的目的。目前我國政府推動開放資料是鼓勵各縣市政府自行釋出開放資料，然而當前開放資料議題的研究多半著重在政府應釋出何種資料集，抑或政府如何推動開放資料，較少探討地方政府釋出開放資料的意願受何影響。
為探討影響地方政府釋出開放資料的因素為何，本研究以臺中市政府為個案進行探索性研究，並至臺中市政府轄下的機關局處進行深度訪談，以跨機關資訊分享的四大面向：科技技術面向、組織面向、法令與政策面向以及外部環境面向進行探討。
研究發現，影響地方政府釋出開放資料的因素，在科技技術面向包含資訊系統操作以及資料類型與格式；組織面向則有高層支持度、成本、經費與預算、績效成果以及獎勵考核制度；法令與政策面向則是法令的制定與規範，為影響地方政府釋出開放資料最重要的因素；外部環境面向則包含社會壓力以及同儕競爭。此外，研究也顯示地方政府釋出開放資料也受業務承辦人的個人角度觀點所影響。最後，本研究依研究結果提出實務建議，期能對地方政府機關後續推動開放資料有所助益。

關鍵字

開放政府 ； 開放資料 ； 政府資訊分享 ； 電子化政府

並列摘要

Open data has been an important trend among the government administrations around the world. The concept of open data is that, without violating privacy and national security, government data should be open, freely used, and redistributed by the public. It is expected that open data can promote transparency of government. In addition, open data has the potential to stimulate economic growth through value-added applications developed by the public, including citizens, private enterprises, and non-profit organizations. In Taiwan, when realizing the importance of open data, Taiwan government has started promoting the related initiatives in both the central government and local governments. In this research field, most studies have focused on the central government level, on the discussions of the types of open data to be released, and on the promotion of open data activities. Nevertheless, there is still limited research discussing the determinants of open government data, particularly there is a lack from the perspective of local governments.
In order to fill this gap, this study explores the determinants of open data by selecting Taichung City Government as a case study. Specifically, this study attempts to identify the factors influencing government agencies’ intentions of open data participation. The influential factors are explored from four perspectives: technology, organization, legislation and policy, and environment. In the technological perspective, the identified factors are information system operation, data type, and data format. Second, in the organizational perspective, the influential factors are top management support, cost and benefit, budget and resource, and performance evaluation. Third, legislation and policy is found to have the most significant impact on government agencies. Fourth, in the perspective of environment, both social pressure and peer effect are found to be the influential factors. Lastly, practical implications, limitations, and future research directions are also discussed in the study.

並列關鍵字

open data ； open government ； government information sharing ； electronic government

參考文獻

胡龍騰、曾冠球、張智凱、黃榮志（2013）。電子化跨域治理影響因素之研究：多個案之探索。公共行政學報，45，頁1-39。

李治安、林誠夏、莊庭瑞 (2014)。開放政府資料的基本原則與相關政策議題。公共治理專刊，2(1)，頁65-76。

陳怡君（2013）。開放政府資料迎接資料民主新時代。公共治理專刊，1(1)，頁156-163。

Akbulut, Asli Yagmur, Kelle, Peter, Pawlowski, Suzanne D., Schneider, Helmut, & Looney, Clayton A. (2009). To share or not to share? Examining the factors influencing local agency electronic information sharing. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 4(2), 143-172.

Bigdeli, Alinaghi Ziaee, Kamal, Muhammad Mustafa, & de Cesare, Sergio. (2013). Electronic information sharing in local government authorities: Factors influencing the decision-making process. International Journal of Information Management, 33(5), 816-830.