根黴菌發酵萃取物對公日本鵪鶉性徵表現之影響

本研究旨在探討根黴菌發酵萃取物（Rhizopus fermentation extract, RE）對公日本鵪鶉性腺及性徵表現之影響。使用商業蛋用公日本鵪鶉作為實驗動物，試驗分為三部分：試驗一，添加兩種濃度（0.02、0.2%）之萃取物，探討萃取物促進鵪鶉性徵表現之有效劑量。試驗二，探討於不同飼養時間添加萃取物，對其效果上的影響，共有五組：0%、0.2%早期（8日齡開始）添加組（0.2%-E）、0.2%晚期（22日齡開始）添加組（0.2%-L）、0.5%早期添加組（0.5%-E）及0.5%晚期添加組（0.5%-L）。試驗三，於22日齡添加不同濃度（0、0.05、0.1、0.2及0.4%）之萃取物，藉以了解最適合的添加方式。結果指出，根黴菌發酵萃取物並無顯著增進鵪鶉生長之效果，各實驗期間之血液生化值皆處於正常家禽之參考範圍，顯示萃取物添加濃度及時間的改變尚不會對公鵪鶉生理造成不良影響。而不同的添加方式會影響鵪鶉睪丸發育的過程，在鵪鶉睪丸之相對重量小於1%的階段，於22日齡添加0.2%萃取物使鵪鶉睪丸有較重的趨勢，而早期添加0.5%則會延緩鵪鶉睪丸之發育（P < 0.05），但皆不會影響成熟之後的性腺重量。在性徵表現方面，晚期0.2%萃取物的添加有促進公鶉泄殖腺發育的效果，讓鵪鶉具有較大的泄殖腺面積，泄殖腺分泌量則有隨著添加劑量的提升而增加的趨勢。藉由組織切片來分析鵪鶉睪丸發育及生精作用之情形，結果亦發現於22日齡開始添加時，成熟睪丸中精子數隨著根黴菌發酵萃取物添加劑量的提升而增加，並以0.2及0.4%的添加組明顯多於控制組。綜而言之，根黴菌發酵萃取物雖沒有顯著促進公蛋鶉生長之效果，但於22日齡添加0.2%萃取物能提升早期睪丸發育、泄殖腺面積和分泌能力以及睪丸組織精子數等，對鵪鶉睪丸之生精作用及繁殖能力具有正面的幫助。

關鍵字

根黴菌發酵萃取物；日本鵪鶉；性徵；泄殖腺；性腺發育

並列摘要

The objective of this study was to verify the effect of Rhizopus fermentation extract (RE) on sexual characteristics of male Japanese quail. The egg-typed male quails bought from the commercial farm were used in all trials. The experiment was divided into three parts. Two different doses (0.02, 0.2%) of RE were used in quail feed to find out the effective dosage. Secondly, the quails were fed RE at different time during the trial that contained 5 groups : 0%, 0.2% early supplementation (0.2%-E), 0.2% late supplementation (0.2%-L), 0.5%-E and 0.5%-L. Thirdly, different doses (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4%) of RE were supplemented from 22d of age. The results indicated that the RE supplementation did not significantly improve the growth and the blood biochemistry values were in the normal ranges in all trials. However, different ways to supplement RE seemed to affect the testis development. In particular, 0.2% RE supplementation from 22d seemed to enhance the testis growth at the early stage (< 1%) of testis maturation while 0.5% RE significantly inhibited the development of testis (P < 0.05). As for the sexual characteristics, supplementation of 0.2% RE from 22d of age promoted the enlargement of cloacal gland area. The weight of cloacal gland foam increased while the dosage of RE increased. The result of testis histology analysis also showed that the sperm number of mature testis increased while the dosage of RE increased and both 0.2 and 0.4% group had higher sperm count than that of the control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 0.2% RE from the start of puberty may enhance the testis maturation, promote cloacal gland area growth and raise testis sperm number of male Japanese quail.