以心率變異度(HRV)探討顧問公司工程師之精神疲勞-以工時及工作任務分析

Exploration for Mental Fatigue of Consultant Company Engineers with HRV-Analysis Based on Working Hours and Work Tasks

楊采寧(Tsai-Ning Yang)

指導教授 ： 曾惠斌

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202002829

摘要

營建產業界中，由於職災傷亡數高，營建管理文獻較多數在探討勞工身心健康與安全、職業危害，卻少有探討勞心的工程師在工作上所面臨的精神疲勞，近幾年來，先進國家愈來愈重視各類從業人員的身心安全，在營建管理從業人員中，工程顧問公司設計工程師在工作上所面臨的精神疲勞不容小覷，屬於身心健康較容易被忽視的工作族群，工作壓力來源可來自主管、業主、工時過長、趕交件期限、業績……等，不僅僅針對工程師本身之健康，也會間接影響其設計品質，故關心工作壓力精神疲勞也是許多營建業主管、工程顧問公司經營者應該重視的議題。本研究的目標對象為工程顧問公司的設計工程師，透過每日疲勞影響量表(Daily Fatigue Impact Scale，D-FIS)收集受測者上班前與下班後主觀的精神疲勞程度，以及透過精神壓力調查問卷了解受測者的壓力來源，同時透過光體積變化描記圖法(Photoplethysmography，PPG)手環進行心率之量測，再以Kubios HRV Standard分析軟體產出心率變異度(Heart Rate Variability，HRV)的時域與頻域之相關參數，時域參數包含SDNN、RMSSD等，而頻域參數包含HF、LF等，心率變異度(Heart Rate Variability，HRV)是一種量測連續心跳速率變化率的方法，表示心跳間隔的差異出現變化的大小，與人體自律神經系統的調控敏感度有顯著的關係，而精神疲勞與其有相當的關連性。經過以上資料收集後，進行設計工程師精神疲勞程度與各心率變異度參數的相關性分析，透過具有指標性的HRV參數變化了解工時、工作任務對精神疲勞的影響性。依據研究結果顯示，若當日設計工程師有執行重複型工作任務例如蒐集資料、繪圖等，發現心率變異度中之頻域參數LF/HF值會顯著下降，換言之，相較於執行其他工作任務，執行重複型工作者，在此期間不斷累積精神壓力造成疲勞，其交感副交感神經平衡能力會明顯降低，故建議上級主管在對下屬之工作任務分配指派上，應避免連續多天指派工程師執行重複型工作。本研究另有將疲勞量表分數與HRV參數作連結，發現LF/HF值在精神疲勞上具指標性，透過分析找到LF/HF值為適合此場域對象之精神疲勞指標性HRV參數，而在所有HRV參數中，也僅有LF/HF為ratio而非絕對數值的概念，在與其他研究數值比較上較有意義，但若樣本數更多會更具有價值。期望研究結果可以提供未來營建業主管或工程顧問公司經營者在人事管理上以此來評量人員精神疲勞度，甚至應用於精神疲勞監測系統。

關鍵字

工程顧問公司 ； 精神疲勞 ； 工作壓力 ； 每日疲勞影響量表 ； 心率變異度 ； PPG

並列摘要

In the construction industry, due to the high number of occupational injuries and deaths, it can be found that large amounts of the literatures related to construction management discussed the safety management, occupational accidents, physical and mental health of the construction workers. However, there are few literatures mentioning about mental fatigue suffered by the engineers in the field of construction management. In recent years, advanced countries have paid more and more attention to the physical and mental safety of various types of employees. Among construction and management practitioners, the mental fatigue that design engineers face with in their work can not be underestimated, which is easily to be neglected of. The sources of work stress can come from supervisors, owners, excessive working hours, deadlines for delivery, performance, etc. Not only for the health of the engineers, but also mental fatigue affects the quality of their design indirectly, so concerning about work stress and mental fatigue is also a considerable issue that construction managers and engineering consultant company operators should pay attention to. The subjects of this research are the design engineers of an engineering consultant company. Through the Daily Fatigue Impact Scale (D-FIS), we can collect the subjective mental fatigue index before and after work of the participants. The questionnaire about mental stress was used to understand the source of stress of the subject. At the same time, the heart rate was measured by a photoplethysmography (PPG) bracelet, and the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) parameters were generated by Kubios HRV Standard analysis software, in which time-domain parameters include SDNN, RMSSD, etc., and frequency-domain parameters include HF, LF, etc. HRV is a method for measuring the rate of change of continuous heart rate. It indicates the difference in the heartbeat interval changes, which is significantly related to the regulation sensitivity of the human autonomic nervous system, and also mental fatigue. With the previous data collection, we can analyze the correlation between mental fatigue of design engineers and various heart rate variability parameters, and find out the influence of working hours and work tasks on mental fatigue through HRV parameters. According to the research results, if the design engineer performed repetitive work tasks such as collecting data and drawing on the working day, it was found that one of the frequency domain parameters of heart rate variability, LF / HF, would significantly decrease. In other words, compared to performing other work tasks, performing repetitive work tasks would accumulate stress on human body and then cause mental fatigue, in which situation, their balance ability of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system would be significantly reduced, so it is recommended that supervisors should refrain from assigning their engineers to perform repetitive tasks for multiple consecutive days. In this research, the scores of mental fatigue scales and the HRV parameters were also linked. Through analysis, it was found that LF / HF is indicative of mental fatigue, which means that LF / HF is a mental fatigue index suitable for this field of subjects. Among all HRV parameters, there is only LF / HF is in ratio form rather than an absolute value, which is more meaningful in comparison with other research values, but it will be more valuable if the number of samples is larger. It is expected that the research results can provide the owners of construction management or engineering consultant companies to evaluate personnel mental fatigue in personnel management, and even applied to mental fatigue monitoring system in the future.

並列關鍵字

Engineering Consultant Company ； Mental Fatigue ； Job Stress ； Daily Fatigue Impact Scale (D-FIS) ； Heart Rate Variability (HRV) ； PPG

參考文獻

(2020). 擷取自 中華民國勞動部: https://www.mol.gov.tw/#

Chunlin Zhao, M. Z. (2012, 3). Electroencephalogram and electrocardiograph assessment of mental fatigue in a driving simulator. Accident Analysis Prevention, Volume 45, pp. 83-90.

Fumiharu TOGO, M. T. (2009). Heart Rate Variability in Occupational Health—A Systematic Review. Industrial Health, 47, pp. 589–602.

Gerben Hulsegge, N. G. (2018). Shift work is associated with reduced heart rate variability among men but not women. Elsevier, International Journal of Cardiology, 258, pp. 109-114.

Guilherme Eckhardt Molina, K. E. (2016). Post-exercise heart-rate recovery correlates to resting heart-rate variability in healthy men. Clin Auton Res, 26, pp. 415-421.