台中大肚山地區土地利用變遷分析之研究

The Study on the Analysis of Land Use Changes in Dadu Mountain Area, Taichung

劉宇安(Yu-An Liu)

指導教授 ： 邱祈榮

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/森林環境暨資源學研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.00772

摘要

本研究使用台中大肚山地區於1977、1985、1993及2002年等四期的航照圖資，將當地土地利用分為森林、疏林、草生地、農耕地、道路、開發地、墳墓地、裸露地等八種類型。先以對應分析(Correspondence Analysis，CA) 進行初步的變遷分析，將各利用型依其於CA圖上的位置進行分類及排序，找出其所代表的特性；再以變遷矩陣計算利用型於各變遷期的損失獲得率，既各利用型之間的交互轉換；其後另使用融合變遷矩陣及變遷期望值的計算法，比較各利用型間變遷的預測及實際值，推導出各利用型間轉換的趨勢；最後綜合前述之分析所得，對變遷最為顯著的幾個主要利用型加以深入解析。末了以所得之趨勢與真實變遷情況做比較，預測大肚山地區未來可能的變遷走向。
經CA指出，各利用型於分析圖上的位置與變遷趨勢有關，而利用型與原點間的距離則和變遷程度相關，然後者於疏林及裸露地兩土地利用型上並不符合，推其原因與此二利用型非為持續遞增或遞減有關。矩陣分析則將利用型依獲得損失率與地景整體變遷率的比較，將利用型歸為趨勢遞增、遞減及不固定等類，其中森林、開發地及裸露地等三利用型於各期之趨勢不一致。而在細部變遷分析的部分可將利用型分為天然利用型（森林、疏林、草生地）與人工利用型（農耕地、道路、開發地、墳墓地）兩群組，所呈現出的是天然型與人工型等兩個近乎各自獨立的變遷系統，而裸露地則不屬於任一群組。綜合趨勢分析及細部變遷分析，則主要變遷的利用型為以下四種：森林、農耕地、草生地及開發地，前兩者是為損失利用型，後兩者是為獲得利用型。最後所得的，由此四項利用型所組成的：「森林→草生地」及「農耕地→開發地」，是為大肚山地區的兩大變遷。

關鍵字

對應分析 ； 獲得損失變遷分析 ； 重要利用型分析

並列摘要

This research uses the aerial photographs of the Dadu Mt. area, Taichung from the year 1977, 1985, 1993 and 2002; the land use(LU) there was divided into eight categories as forest, sparse forest, grass land, farm land, road, developed land, grave yard and uncovered land. First step to analysis the changing is by Correspondence Analysis(CA) to plot each land use type on to CA chart, and analysis the category as well as the sequence, to find out each character; then calculates the formate of changing matrix form of turn in / out ratio. The exchange in between each type to combine the expected value of of matrix changing in comparison of theexpected values and the actual values, to deduce the trend of transition between each type. The final analysis comes to the obvious main exchanges among major LU type, and compares the trend and facts to forecast the future possibilities of LU change in Dadu Mt. area, Taichung.
According to the CA method, the position of each LU type on the chart has concern with the changing trend, take the distance of LU type and original point has some concern with the changing degree, the latter one were not met the sparse forest and uncovered land, estimated the reason might have the concern these two LU types are not continuous increase of decrease. The matrix analysis will use the models Gain/Loss ratio and landscape exchange rate comparison, divided the LU types in to successive increase, successivedecrease, and trend unstable. Among them; the forest, developed and uncovered land form were different at every stages. The detail changing analysis shows that the LU type can be divided into nature (forest, sparse forest, grass land) or man-made (farm land, road, developed, grave yard) groups, the nature and man-made environment are almost two independent systems, but the uncovered land does not belong to either group. In the Trend combination analysis and detail changing analysis; the major changing LU types are forest, farm land, grass land and developed land. The former two were Loss types, and the latter two were Gain types. The final conclusion is that this four LU types were at a format of: Forest turned to grass land and Farm land turned to developed land, these are the two major changes of Dadu Mt. Area.

並列關鍵字

Correspondence Analysis ； GainLoss Analysis ； Major Change Analysis

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