「韌性與脆弱共生」－被迫離家少年之離家經驗探究

Resilience in Harmony with Vulnerability: The Experience of Away from Home among Thrownaway Adolescents

葉庭瑜(Ting-Yu Yeh)

指導教授 ： 陳毓文

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/社會工作學研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.00942

摘要

國內過往針對離家少年的研究，多聚焦於「自願性」離家的少年，及其離家後的負面影響與困境，無形中忽略了被迫離家少年的存在，也強化離家少年「偏差」與「適應不良」的形象。在當今服務提供者多以「偏差者」、「受害者」二元視角看待離家少年的現實下，部份視其為「聰明的逃跑者」的論述，似乎透漏了以不同觀點看待此群體的可能性。究竟，被迫離家少年的離家經驗展現何種樣貌？他們如何看待離家的行動與對抗生活的逆境？

經文獻梳理後，我歸納出四個研究問題：一、被迫離家少年的生活（家庭、學校、友伴）經驗與壓力因應為何？二、離家事件如何發生？少年對離家行動的詮釋又是？三、少年離家生活的危機、因應、學習與成長為何？四、其接受服務的經驗與需求是？我採取質性研究典範，運用半結構式的訪談大綱，深入訪談八位（六名女性、兩名男性，年齡為17-25歲）由機構引薦及網路聯繫之曾被迫離家者。並透過：「生活軌跡」、「離家事件與意義」、「離家生活－漂流、奮戰與成長」、「接受正式服務之經驗與需求」四章篇幅回答上述研究提問。

最後，我以「韌性與脆弱共生」歸結被迫離家少年的離家經驗。他們雖長期面臨多重的生活挑戰，但如此經驗正是其克服困境能力產生的關鍵。他們透過離家，逃離家庭的拒絕、虐待與衝突，取得自我保護與追求自立；並不斷地運用個人優勢、外在資源與學習街頭智慧，因應生活逆境與在街頭生存。因此，他們除了是社會體制（家庭、學校、服務機構）傷害、標籤與排除下的「受害者」（victims）外；更是於困境中理性思考，力求出路、奮力求生的「倖存者」（survivors）。

關鍵字

被迫離家者 ； 青少年 ； 逃家 ； 個人優勢 ； 因應能力

並列摘要

Usually, the existing researches focus on not only the “voluntary” runaways and the negative sides and difficulties of the runaway experiences, which has virtually overlooked the existing of thrownaway adolescents and reinforced the “maladaptive” and ”deviant” image of them. When the service providers commonly see the runaways in the dualistic ways as “deviants” or “victims”, the other perspective of “smart runaways” seems to reveal the different “ways of seeing” to them. What are the distinctive experiences of away from home among the thrownaway adolescents? How do they regard the action of leaving home and overcoming the adversity of life?

This research intends to examine four dimensions of thrownaways’ experiences: 1) their life experiences (family, school and peers) and ways of stress coping; 2) incidents that trigger them to leave home and the meaning of leaving home; 3) the risk, coping, learning, and growth after being away from home; 4) service needs and their experiences of receiving formal services. Qualitative method and semi-structured guidelines were employed to interview eight former thrownaways (6 females and 2 males, aged 17-25), who were recruited mainly by advertisements posted in BBS and Facebook or launched by social workers from youth service centers. The findings are presented in four sections including: Life Trajectories; Incident and Meaning of Leaving Home; Life after Leaving Home: Drifting, Strive and Growth; and Experiences of Receiving the Formal Services and Service Needs.

“Resilience in harmony with Vulnerability” was found to be the dominant theme in the life narratives of former thrownaways. Although they faced multiple life challenges over a long period of time, these experiences were the key to their ability to overcome difficulties. They ran away from family rejection, abuse and conflict, protected themselves and pursued independent leaving by leaving home; used their personal strengths, externalized resources and learned street smarts constantly to cope with the adversity and to survive. Thus, they are both the “victims” who were hurt, stigmatized and excluded by the social systems (family, school and service organizations); and meanwhile, the “survivors” who thought rationally, searched for living spaces desperately, and strived to survive in the difficulties.

並列關鍵字

thrownaways ； adolescents ； runaway ； personal strengths ； coping skills

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