摘要
本論文旨在對斯賓諾莎政治哲學進行考察，並論證斯賓諾莎政治哲學的核心觀念為「容忍德性」。人類群聚為社會，而凝聚社會為一體最為重要的德性在於能夠彼此容忍。但容忍德性如何可能？斯賓諾莎認為這個問題可以由建立對人性的正確理解加以回答。 在本文中，筆者藉由自《神學政治論》、《倫理學》至《政治論》一個整體的思想脈絡加以探索，嘗試指出斯賓諾莎的政治哲學乃是以容忍為核心的一套理論。這一個理論起於斯賓諾莎對希伯來人歷史教訓之反省：凡重視容忍的政制便得以長治久安，不容忍的政制則要傾覆滅亡；斯賓諾莎繼而針對人的本性加以考察，發現人不免受情緒所影響，因而確實的容忍德性必須建立在合乎人性的情緒基礎上，良好的國家政制也才得以根據這樣的原則建立。 依此，筆者認為斯賓諾莎的政治哲學乃是一套合乎人性的理論，而這個理論不僅是合於現實經驗，也足以使人達致自由，更有助於國家社會融合為一個有情的整體。
並列摘要
The purpose of this thesis is studying Spinoza’s political philosophy from the aspect of tolerance. Human beings gather as a society by nature, and the vital virtue to unite people as a social body is tolerance. But how could this virtue be possible? To Spinoza, the answer to this question can be found through an adequate understanding of human nature. In this thesis I follow Spinoza’s thoughts, from Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, Ethica to Tractatus Politicus, and attempt to prove that Spinoza’s political philosophy is a theory with the notion of tolerance at its center. Such a theory came from Spinoza’s reflections on Hebrews’ history: political body which values tolerance shall prosper, but those who rebel against the virtue of tolerance will all fall. Spinoza found that such a phenomena is a result of human nature, because all human beings are affected by affects, so that the actual virtue of tolerance should rely on the basis of human affects, and a good political body may be established according to such a principle. Hence, I propose that Spinoza’s political philosophy is a totally humane theory. Furthermore, such a theory not only conforms to our experiences, but also leads to human freedom, and is helpful to make the state an organized compassionate totality.