高品質蔬果整合供應鏈之經濟模式

許多發展中國家的農產品供應鏈破碎且效率低下，由於農民承擔著非常大的風險，他們不穩定的利潤通常無法讓他們參與製造業中典型的生產力改善活動。低效率的行業環境是創新業務發展的沃土；近年來，出現了高品質產品的成功供應鏈示例，此為新型的商業模型，其中包括從農民到零售通路商的端到端整合。在本文中，我們首先使用7-11便利超商的高品質香蕉銷售以及都樂食品公司為案例，建構高品質產品的整合供應鏈模型。通過該模型，我們結合產業數據以及分析法，從整合者的角度探討形成這種整合供應鏈的條件和設計供應契約的邏輯。我們發現為什麼農民更關心契約數量而不是契約價格，以及整合者應如何規劃多個農場的總體供應，同時增加社會剩餘。

關鍵字

高品質產品；整合供應鏈農業食品商業模式；契作農業；易腐產品

並列摘要

The supply chain of produce in many developing countries are fragmented and inefficient. With the producers carrying bearing high risks, their volatile profits usually do not afford them to engage in productivity improvement activities that are typical in the manufacturing industry. The inefficient industry environment is a fertile ground for innovative business development. In recent years, successful supply chain examples for premium produce, a new business model, have emerged which have end-to-end integration from farmers to retailing stores. In this article, we first use the 7-11 convenience store’s high-quality banana sales data and Dole Foods as a case to construct an integrated supply chain model for premium produce. Through this model, we combine industrial data and analytical method to explore the conditions of forming such integrated chains and logic of specifying the supply contract from the perspective of the integrator. We gain insights on why farmers are more concerned with contract quantity than on contract price and how the integrator should plan for a supply base of multiple small farms while increasing the social surplus.