農民參加農業規模改善政策之意願

A Study on Taiwan's Farmers' Willingness to Participate in Agricultural Operation Strategy

張娟綺(Chuan-Chi Chang)

指導教授 ： 陳郁蕙

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農業經濟學研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.10420

摘要

在第一次土地改革實施三七五減租與耕者有其田等措施，加上傳統多子繼承制度的分配，台灣每戶農業經營面積狹小，平均經營面積僅1公頃，在經營規模偏小與耕地零碎化等情形下，農業面臨生產成本居高不下與勞動力外移至其他產業，更在自由化貿易的今日，面臨前所未有的挑戰。農政單位為使農業經營能確實發揮規模經營之效，以擴大生產經營規模達成降低生產成本，穩定並提升單位產量，進而在建構品牌與完整產銷體系中與他國進口之廉價農產品競爭，更向外開拓市場，使台灣農業穩定持續發展。本研究主要目的為了解台灣農業經營規模歷程，提出擴大經營規模之必要性，再整理透過問卷調查農民對相關改善措施之意向，並利用敘述與交叉統計分析觀察不同受訪者特性在不同措施間之參與情形，最後在羅吉斯迴歸模型中探討不同受訪者特性參與小地主大佃農措施與對未來相關擴大農業經營規模措施之意向之機率。

根據本次問卷在去年(2013)7-9月間於全台本島18個縣市，以立意抽樣方法調查結果顯示，僅有近四成的受訪者參加相關結構調整措施，而以產銷專區參與比例最高(33.87%)，其次為休耕地活化(23.66%)。值得注意的是小地主大佃農在擴大經營規模與勞動力年輕化之成效最為顯著，在本次問卷訪查694位受訪者中卻僅有19人參加，故此我們希望了解目前參與之受訪者有何特性，並深入探析不同特性之受訪者參與小地主大佃農政策之參與機率。實證結果顯示年齡越高、教育程度越高、農地經營面積越大或農業收入越低，參加小地主大佃農之機率越高，故往後在政策推廣與實施上將可針對此一類型之農民進行加強推廣與主要施行對象。

另外，在未來可能施行之兩項擴大經營規模措施上，我們探究兩個議題，一為「是否同意政府提供相鄰農地共同經營獎勵」，有近六成二的受訪者表示同意，其中年齡越高越傾向不同意相鄰農地共同經營；二為「是否同意政府獎勵等值或等面積土地交換」，實證分析結果為年齡、經營面積對此措施之意向存在負相關，而對專項經營面積之意向與補貼總金額變數存在正相關，因此未來若要推行此兩項措施，可以南部地區及年輕農民為主要推廣對象，再進一步全面實施。

關鍵字

結構政策 ； 經營規模 ； 農業產銷專區 ； 小地主大佃農 ； 羅吉斯迴歸模型

並列摘要

Due to the Land Reform of 37.5% Arable Rent Reduction, Land-to-the-Tiller Act and the tradition of property succession, farmers in Taiwan have little to crop- the average size of land ownership was only 1.04 ha in 2011. Under the situation of limited acreage of land holdings and land fragmentation, farmers in Taiwan face higher production costs, labor force transferring and so on. Furthermore, farmers confront with a set of complexity and magnitude challenges posed by trade liberalization. By reducing the production cost, increasing yield per unit and stabilizing the production per unit, the government expected to optimize scale in order to build an agricultural brand name and a well-integrated market.

Consequently, the brand and the market will strengthen the competitiveness of Taiwan’s agriculture at home and abroad, leading the industry to sustainability. The main purpose of this article is to understand the expansion paths of farm operations scale, and put forward the necessity of expanding operation scale. We conducted a survey to learn farmers’ attitude on agricultural structural reform along with participation characteristics through descriptive statistics and cross analysis. Finally, we will discuss the probability of participation in the small landlord tenant large and the intention to the measures of expanding agriculture operation scale in the future by using logistic model.

The result shows that over 60% of respondents did not participate in the relevant structural adjustment measures. About 33.87 percent of the participations join the specialized agricultural zone measures, followed by the activation of fallow (23.66%). The characteristics who involved in the specialized agricultural zone are younger. They have higher education background, better income level and greater operating area than who do not participate in this measure. 19 respondents of the small landlord tenant large expressed the willingness to continually participate in next year. On the other hand, those who are older, with higher education, larger operating area and lower income level are more likely to join the small landlord tenant large. In two questions on expanding operation scale: 1.) “If agree with governmental incentive on adjacent farmland joint operations or not?” Near 60% of respondents agree with it and 21% of respondents disagree with it. We furthermore discover that more elders tend to disagree with it. 2.)”Do you agree with providing governmental encouragement on equivalent land exchange? ”The result shows that age and operating area variable are negatively correlated with the intention to this question. On the other hand, the special management area variable and the total amount of subsidies variable are positively correlated with the intention to the question. Also, we can get the same results from predictive model.

並列關鍵字

Structral Strategy ； Scale of operation ； Agricultural Production and Marketing Specialized Zone ； Small land-owners and big land-rente ； Logistic model

參考文獻

行政院農委會，2012a，農業統計年報，台北：行政院農業委員會。

行政院農委會，2013e，行政院農業委員會2013年報，台北：行政院農業委員會。

呂政道，2009，台灣農民年齡與農耕戶勞動生產力之關係，碩士論文，國立台灣大學農業經濟學系。

何黎明，蘇郁芬，2010，休閒農場消費者滿意度與重遊意願之探討－以走馬瀨農場爲例，高雄海洋科大學報，24期，頁221-237。

林世同，1970，臺灣農業現代化與擴大農場經營規模的途徑，農業推廣文彙，15輯，頁98-106。