景觀空間景深對心理與腦區的影響

Influence of Depth Field of Landscapes on Psychological and Brain Response

梁心怡(Sin-Yi Liang)

指導教授 ： 張俊彥

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝暨景觀學系/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202001457

摘要

Hunter Askarinejad(2015)提出透過理解場景中物體的大小比例、距離關係，能引起觀賞者更進一步地探索、提升參與的興趣與偏好，並和知覺注意力恢復性呈現高度相關；此外具深度訊息的空間能增強視覺體驗，有助於豐富感知體驗(Verhoef et al., 2016)。然而過去研究近、遠深度多以簡單形狀為刺激物，未深入探討空間環境及不同設計方式的生心理反應，因此本研究以功能性磁振造影(fMRI)和心理問卷探討何種設計手法的景深空間在腦區和心理感受中可提供人們正向的情緒與良好的視覺環境感受。
研究結果顯示，滲透與層次空間能感受愉悅及偏好程度偏高，活化額上迴(Superior Frontal Gyrus)審美判斷腦區及激發創意概念聯想的梭形迴(Fusiform Gyrus)、顳中迴(Middle Temporal Gyrus)、楔前葉(Precuneus)及海馬(Hippocampus)、海馬旁迴(Parahippocampal Gyrus)等，這些腦區活化反應代表接受刺激後，能提升正向情緒感受、審美體驗、創造力思考和空間佈局之辨識；藏與露空間具重複性、不對稱性和複雜性的曲線結構，貼近自然有機的空間線條，與親生命設計(Biophilic Design)主張人類天生就具親近自然的特質相關，故能感受愉悅及偏好程度最高，其腦區反應主要活化高階視覺處理區、頂葉小葉(Superior Parietal Lobule)和枕骨區域參與空間定向；引導與暗示強調空間的組織與導向性，腦區活化楔前葉及頂葉小葉等空間定位區，主要為參與視覺空間注意力和對背側注意力網絡的控制。透過了解景深空間於受測者之生心理反應，本研究可作為未來景觀、建築、都計領域空間規劃設計之選用搭配，提升體驗環境時的正向感受。

關鍵字

深度感知 ； 空間設計 ； 功能性磁振造影(fMRI) ； 情緒

並列摘要

Hunter Askarinejad (2015) had confirmed that by understanding the relationship between the size, proportion and distance of objects in the scenes can arouse the viewers’ interest and participation. It is highly related to preference and restoration, and the space with deep information can enhance the visual experience and perception experience (Verhoef et al., 2016). However, in the past, the depth factors used simple shapes as stimulants, and did not discuss the spatial environment and the psychological responses of different design methods. Therefore, this study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and psychological questionnaires to explore what kind of spatial design could provide people with positive emotion and good environmental feelings.
The results showed that the permeable and hierarchical space are more pleasure and preference, activating the Superior Frontal Gyrus related with aesthetic judgment, and Fusiform Gyrus, Middle Temporal Gyrus, Precuneus, Hippocampus and Parahippocampal Gyrus, which can inspire creative concepts; the hidden and revealed space with repeatable, asymmetry and complexity closed to Biophilic Design, so it has highest degree of pleasure and preference. The brain areas activate the advanced visual processing area, the Superior Parietal Lobule and the Occipital Lobe participating in spatial orientation. The guided and suggested space emphasize the organization and orientation, mainly activating the Precuneus and the Superior Parietal Lobule, participating in visual spatial attention and control of the dorsal attention network, and R-SupraMarginal Gyrus. The results of this study might be applied in the landscape architecture, architecture, and metropolitan field for environmental recovery.

並列關鍵字

Depth Perception ； Spatial Design ； Functional Magnetic Resonance Image(fMRI) ； Emotion

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