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  • 學位論文

無線感測網路中結合群集路由及睡眠機制之節能傳輸協定

Combining Cluster Routing and Sleep-awake Mechanism for Power Saving Protocol

指導教授 : 周承復
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摘要


無線感測網路的應用在今日的世界已越來越廣泛,我們通常都會在 一些難以進入進行長時間觀察的區域佈置這些感測器,依靠他們對環 境進行掃描以獲取該區域的資訊供實驗室進行分析。因為這些感測器 都佈置在比較偏遠的區域,更換感測器的電池變成一項相對困難的行 為,為了有效率的省電進而盡量延長整體網路運作的時間,我們提供 了一個跨層的方法來達成這個目標。這個跨層的方法同時考慮了媒介 存取控制層以及網路層。在媒介存取控制層上我們使用了 BMAC 這個 傳輸協定來幫助我們在傳送與接收資料上更有效率與省電,並且依照 感測器在不同的位置上彈性的調整行程狀態以節省更多的能源。當我 們在觀察感測器的狀態時,我們發現感測器會有竊聽別的感測器的封 包以及鄰近區域的感測器會偵測到類似的環境資料,這兩個問題都會 對感測器造成不必要的能量浪費。因此我們提出了一個新方法,藉由 將在鄰近區域的感測器集合成一個叢集,讓本來會執行相似行為的感 測器中一次只要有一個感測器執行功能即可,其他感測器可以進入睡 眠狀態以節省能源。藉由這樣的方式,我們可以有效的延長整體網路 運作時間。而在之後的實驗中,我們也的確見到,將感測器群聚起來 的這個方法的確可以比其他現有的方法節省更多的能量,而且網路的 運作時間也比其他的方法更長。

並列摘要


Most wireless sensor networks require network-wide performance guar- antees, suggesting the need for global and flexible network optimization. The most important performance metric is the network lifetime. The longer the lifetime, the more data we can obtain from the target area we monitor by the sensor mote and get more benefits. The main goal of our work is to prolong the network lifetime as long as possible. In this thesis, we propose a cross layer approach that combines the MAC layer and the network layer together. In MAC layer, we use BMAC as our main protocol. BMAC has relatively better performance for transmission scheduling than others. In the network layer, we propose the method of clustering. We discovered that when sensor motes are placed closely, they might have the problem of overhearing other's packets and repeated sampling the same data as other motes. The purpose of clustering is to group the nearby motes and only one of them in one cluster can wake up to do the routine operations. By doing this, we can let the other motes with similar functions return to sleep mode to save energy. The ex- periment we used to verify our cross layer approach shows that our method really improves the network lifetime much more than the other papers. We really reduce the additional energy wasting by grouping the nearby motes into clusters.

參考文獻


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