具移動收集之無線感測網路節能路由之研究

A Study of Energy-Efficient Routing Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks with Mobile Sink

沈廷煥(Ting-Huan Shen)

指導教授 ： 張朝陽

國立虎尾科技大學/電機資訊學院/資訊工程研究所/碩士(2014年)

摘要

具移動收集之無線感測網路是由大量感測節點和定量的mobile sink所組成。每一節點擁有感應、計算、無線通信能力。mobile sink是具有移動性的基地台，且能夠在感測環境中自由移動的去收集資料。某些區域節點佈建後，由於地形險峻導致人們無法輕易的更換節點的電池。因此為了完成感測任務，節點的能量必須被有效率的利用。
在無線感測網路中，節點之間傳輸資料將耗費大量的能量。因此，感測節點能量消耗是非常關鍵的。為了解決這個問題，資料傳輸的距離必須被減少且延遲也要在一個合理的範圍內。因此 在無線感測網路中能量消耗和路由設計成為一個重要的議題，以便提高網路壽命。
在本文中，我們以減少感測節點間資料傳輸的距離為導向，透過均勻和叢集的概念提出了對應的演算法，考慮剩餘能量來選擇適合的叢集首，且可透過多跳鏈結將資料發送到mobile sink。我們的目標是延長無線感測網路的生命週期且將資料傳輸延遲控制在一個合理的範圍。

關鍵字

無線感測網路 ； 資料傳輸 ； 延遲 ； 能量消耗 ； 網路壽命 ； 叢集首 ； 多跳鏈結 ； 生命週期

並列摘要

Wireless sensor networks with mobile sink consist of a numerous of distributed sensor nodes and a certain amount of mobile sink. Each node has sensing, computing and wireless communication capabilities. Mobile sink is a base station (BS) with mobility and it can not only randomly moves within the sensing area to collect the sensing data but also be expected to increase the flexibility for gathering information in a large-scale sensing and detecting the environments. In some areas, the arduous terrains may cause the users to reach the sensing positions of sensor nodes with difficultly. Therefore, it is not easy to change the battery if there is a large amount of sensor nodes which are built in the environment. In order to accomplish the tasks in each round of sensing data collection and transmission under the limited energy, the power of sensor nodes must be used efficiently.

In wireless sensor networks, a lot of energy will be consumed by the sensor nodes when they are transmitting data. So, the energy consumption of sensor nodes is very critical. That is to say, energy consumption should be considered deeply. To solve the problem, the data transmission distance must be reduced and the packet delay also needs to be controlled to a reasonable range. Hence, the energy consumption and routing design become an important issue in the wireless sensor networks. So as to supply reasonable energy consumption and to increase the network lifetime for the wireless sensor network systems, new and efficient energy saving schemes must be developed.
In this paper, the main idea is to reduce data transmission distance of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks. We propose the corresponding schemes and algorithms by using the uniform cluster concepts. We make an ideal cluster distribution for the sensor nodes according to the location information and then take into account the residual energy for selecting the appropriate cluster heads (CHs). The responsibility for the cluster head is to collecting the information of sensor nodes in the cluster and then sending data to the mobile sink. Based on the particular of uniform for the clusters, it can reduce the data transmission distance between the nodes by using the multi-hop chain approach. The objective of efficient power saving and extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks will be carried out under a reasonable packets delay.

並列關鍵字

base station ； mobile sink ； cluster ； energy consumption ； lifetime ； packets delay ； sensor node ； transmission distance ； wireless sensor networks ； cluster head

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