應用多準則決策分析法於滯洪池選址的適宜性分析

Application of spatial multi-criteria decision-making to analyze site suitability of detention basins

林志恆(Zhi-Heng Lin)

指導教授 ： 何昊哲

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202103658

摘要

近年來由於全球氣候變遷帶來了諸多極端氣候，伴隨著都市化的影響，增加了都市區對淹水的脆弱度，合理且高效的治水措施是都市治水的重要任務。在臺灣大部分土地都依照城市規劃被開發，排水防洪系統可擴充的腹地相當有限，單純的拓寬管道並不能有效提升防洪能力，而全面加高堤防阻絕親水，也不是根本解決之道，以儲存為基礎的滯洪池在減少溢淹上是最為直接有效的方法，但往往在大的都市集水區，很難準確的判斷出哪些位置適合設置滯洪池。
本研究提出了一種將都市溢淹結果納入滯洪池選址考量因素的創新方法，選址過程是考慮多個指標和層級來進行的，目的即為決策者提供一個快速且高效的滯洪池預選方案。利用暴雨管理模式（SWMM）中得到的模擬結果，根據優劣解排序法（TOPSIS）的得分來確定人孔溢淹程度排序。TOPSIS得出的結果應用於層級分析法（AHP）的決策框架中，作為其中一項指標來確定選址。應用AHP的多層級框架，在ArcGIS中疊加圖層生成適宜性地圖，來確定滯洪池放置的選擇位置。並對初始指標權重進行敏感性分析和對滯洪池方案進行減洪分析。通過對台灣新北市中永和地區的案例研究，證明該方法在此區域使用的可行性。

關鍵字

滯洪池 ； 多準則決策分析法 ； 暴雨管理模式(SWMM) ； 優劣解排序法(TOPSIS) ； 層級分析法(AHP)

並列摘要

In recent years, global climate change has brought many extreme climates, along with the impact of urbanization, which has increased the vulnerability of urban areas to flooding. Reasonable and efficient water control measures are an important role of urban water control. In Taiwan, most of land has been developed in accordance with urban planning, and the land where the drainage and flood control system can be expanded is quite limited. Simply widening the channel cannot effectively improve the flood control capacity, or heightening the embankment to water is not a useful solution. Detention basins are the most direct and effective way to reduce flooding, but it is difficult to determine where are suitable for detention basins in large urban catchment areas accurately.
This research proposes an innovative method that incorporates the results of urban flooding into the factors for the location of detention basins. The site selection process is conducted by taking multiple criteria and disciplines into account, with the purpose of providing decision-makers with a fast and efficient pre-selection plan for flood detention ponds. Combining the simulation results obtained in the stormwater management model (SWMM)and the ranking of the manhole overflow degree is determined according to the score of the TOPSIS method. The results obtained by TOPSIS are used in the decision-making framework of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as one of the indicators to determine site selection. According to multi-criteria framework of AHP, weighted overlay is applied in ArcGIS to generate a suitability map to determine the location of the detention pond. The sensitivity analysis of the initial weight and the flood reduction analysis of the detention basin scheme are also carried out. A case study in the Chung Ho and Yong He District, in New Taipei City, Taiwan proved the feasibility of the method used in this area.

並列關鍵字

Detention basin ； Multi-criteria decision-making ； Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) ； TOPSIS ； SWMM

參考文獻

[1] Ahammed, F., et al. (2012). "Applying multi-criteria decision analysis to select WSUD and LID technologies." Water Science and Technology: Water Supply 12(6): 844-853.

[2] Ahmadisharaf, E., et al. (2016). "Integrating flood hazard into site selection of detention basins using spatial multi-criteria decision-making." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 59(8): 1397-1417.

[3] Anagnostopoulos, K. and A. Vavatsikos (2012). "Site suitability analysis for natural systems for wastewater treatment with spatial fuzzy analytic hierarchy process." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 138(2):125-134.

[4] Chen, J., et al. (2009). "A GIS-based model for urban flood inundation." Journal of Hydrology 373(1-2): 184-192.

[5] Chen, Y., et al. (2013). "The spatial framework for weight sensitivity analysis in AHP-based multi-criteria decision making." Environmental modelling software 48: 129-140.