基於軟體定義無線電平台之車間通訊接收機設計與實作

Design and Implementation of V2X Receiver on a Software Defined Radio Platform

賴明煊(Ming-Hsuan Lai)

指導教授 ： 闕志達

國立臺灣大學/電機資訊學院/電子工程學研究所/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201804271

摘要

車聯網意指車輛與與車輛、交通建設、行人與網路間能夠進行無線數位訊號的交換。車聯網做為自動車輛駕駛的關鍵技術，期望能夠為人類帶來更安全且更有節能的運輸系統。同時也為5G兩大應用場景大規模物聯型態通訊以及高可靠與低延遲通訊的重要應用，其潛在龐大的商業價值使得世界各國都極力促成相關規範的計畫與制定。
在現今5G無線通訊系統多元應用需求下，規格多元且彈性，為實作增加挑戰。軟體定義無線電開發快速的特性使其成為潛在的解決方案。而本論文利用具有巨量平行運算資源的GPU、以完整開發之商用RF模組以及開源之圖形化使用者介面套件，整合並建立一軟體定義無線電平台。其中，提出各種於GPU實作上高效率演算法與系統優化技巧，例如透過遞迴演算法的轉換將原本不利於GPU實作之線性反饋暫存器效能提升數十倍。另外也更透過空氣成功驗證並實地即時展示3GPP所制定V2X相關規範，此平台能在5 ms內即時地完成基頻訊號解碼且維持區塊錯誤率(Block error rate, BLER)低於0.0001的水準，已初步滿足Release 14規範中之車聯網應用需求。
隨著5G NR規範制定的進展，得利於本論文所設計平台以軟體方式實現，並且選擇移植性極高的OpenCL做為開發程式語言，未來只須些微修改便能做為NR C-V2X原型開發平台。此外經過分析，本論文所提出之相關演算法與優化技巧於5G場景不但仍然適用，更因為頻寬、調變階數等系統參數的提高使得資料量大增而有更顯著的效果。

關鍵字

大規模物聯型態通訊 ； 高可靠與低延遲通訊 ； 車聯網 ； 側鍊路 ； OpenCL實作之基頻接收機 ； 軟體定義無線電

並列摘要

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) refers to the wireless exchange of digital information between vehicles and other nodes, such as other vehicles, road infrastructure, internet, and pedestrians. V2X is expected to enable autonomous driving that provides safer and much more energy-efficient transportation services. Massive machine type communications (mMTC) and ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) which are two main scenarios in 5G communication, and their potential commercial potential has prompted research works on the 5G V2X tehcnology.
5G communications technology and applications are flexible and diverse, making it a huge challenge to implement the 5G system efficiently. Among several solutions, software-defined radio (SDR) has become an attractive approach. In this thesis, we integrates and builds a software-defined radio platform using a GPU with a large amount of parallel computing resources, a well-developed commercial RF module, and an open source graphical user interface toolkit. In addition, various highly efficient algorithms and system optimization techniques on GPU implementation are also proposed. Such as high-throughput linear feedback shift register implementation by transforming the recursive algorithm into a block matrix form. Further, we also successfully verify our platform and demonstrate the system specified by 3GPP in field trial. It is shown that our platform can finish decoding in 5 ms and maintain BLER under 0.0001 at the same time.
The development of 5G specifications, NR C-V2X is just around the corner. We believe the proposed flexible OpenCL-based software-defined-radio system can serve as a foundation for the quick development of NR C-V2X prototype with minor modification. Also, the related algorithms and optimization techniques proposed in this paper are not only applicable in 5G, but also get more significant gain due to higher bandwidth and modulation order.

並列關鍵字

massive machine type communications ； ultra-reliable and low latency communications ； vehicle-to-everything ； sidelink ； OpenCL-based baseband receiver ； software-defined radio

參考文獻

[1]

ITU-R Rec., “IMT vision - framework and overall objectives of future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond,” Sep. 2015, M.2083-0.

[2]

IC Insights (2016). IoT and Automotive to Drive IC Market Growth Through 2020. Retrieve from http://www.icinsights.com/data/articles/documents/937.pdf

[3]