盆中盆育苗模式及反射光譜技術在苗木生產之應用

Application of Pot-In-Pot System and Spectral Reflectance Method on Nursery Production

張旻宜(Min-Yi Chang)

指導教授 ： 張育森

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝學研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2008.00643

摘要

本論文欲瞭解盆中盆育苗模式及光譜反射技術在台灣苗木產業之應用潛力。盆中盆育苗模式可分為地下盆中盆（in-ground pot-in-pot system, IGPIP）與地上盆中盆（above-ground pot-in-pot system, AGPIP）兩種，使用之目的為避免陽光直射盆壁而導致之高土溫現象，IGPIP因使用效益較佳，近幾年在國外發展迅速。春夏季高溫時，相較於傳統容器育苗（traditional above-ground container production method, AGC），IGPIP之介質溫度明顯較低（低4-7.5 ℃），且介質溫度較為穩定，避免劇烈土溫變動對植株產生不良影響。當冬季氣溫降至20℃以下，IGPIP與AGC兩者之介質溫度則沒有明顯差異。AGPIP並不如預期中具有降低介質溫度之效果，AGPIP介質溫度之變動情形與AGC類似。
以雞冠花（Celosia argentea var. plumosa）、紫芳草（Exacum affine）、四季秋海棠（Begonia semperflorens-cultorum）為材料，調查在2007年及2008年夏季，不同栽培模式（AGC、AGPIP、IGPIP）對植物生育表現之影響。結果顯示IGPIP可顯著提高雞冠花、紫芳草及四季秋海棠之株高、幅寬、地上部乾鮮重及根乾鮮重，且植株開花表現較佳。IGPIP栽植之四季秋海棠淨光合作用速率、氣孔導度及蒸散作用速率明顯較AGC及AGPIP兩處理高。乾旱逆境下，相較於AGC、AGPIP兩處理，IGPIP栽植之植株葉綠素計讀值及Fv/Fm較高，而葉溫較低。
以翠蘆莉（Ruellia brittoniana）及黃金金露華（Duranta repens L.）為材料，調查AGC、IGPIP及田間栽培（in-field production method, IF）三種育苗模式對植株生育表現及移植後生長勢恢復情況之影響。結果顯示：1.育苗期間翠蘆莉與黃金金露華之地上部生長量以IF處理最高、IGPIP次之、AGC最低；2.植株移植後相較於IF處理，IGPIP與AGC兩種育苗模式生產之苗木恢復速度快，生長狀況良好；3.水分逆境下，黃金金露華移植初期之Fv/Fm以IGPIP植株最高、IF次之、AGC最低；移植後7天AGC植株之生長勢逐漸恢復；移植後IF植株之Fv/Fm逐漸下降，直至移植後11天Fv/Fm才開始上升；IGPIP植株移植後之Fv/Fm始終維持在0.8以上。
植物遭受環境逆境時，葉片光合色素含量及組織結構發生改變，明顯地改變葉片的反射光譜。以四季秋海棠（Begonia semperflorens-cultorum ‘Super Olympia’）為材料，分別進行栽培模式、肥料施用濃度及缺水逆境三個試驗：栽培模式為AGC、AGPIP、IGPIP；肥料施用濃度為0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 g•L-1；缺水逆境分為四組，分別於試驗期間每5天(control)、10天、20天、35天澆水一次。結果顯示缺水逆境下，AGC栽培之植株在紅移區（720 nm-690 nm）、紅光波段（660 nm-630 nm）及綠光波段（660 nm-500 nm）之反射率明顯高於AGPIP及IGPIP兩種處理；近紅外光部分，860 nm、840 nm、780 nm三波長之反射率以IGPIP栽植之植株最高、AGPIP次之、AGC最低。肥料濃度效應在綠光波段、紅光波段及紅移區最為明顯，各波段與葉綠素計讀值（CMR值）呈極顯著負相關，即施用肥料濃度愈高，葉綠素含量愈高，而波長反射率愈低。缺水逆境則對近紅外光波段影響最大，PWC（plant water content）和近紅外光波段之反射率成顯著正相關。
植生指數(vegetation index, VI)部分， IGPIP栽培之四季秋海棠PRI (photochemical reflectance index)、NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index)、SR (simple ratio vegetation index)、CHL (chlorophyll index)皆明顯高於AGC處理；肥料濃度試驗中，NDVI、SR、CHL、NIR/G (NIR-to green ratio)及G/R (green-to-red ratio)與四季秋海棠葉片CMR值之相關係數(r)分別0.78***、0.78***、0.92***、0.67***、及0.81***，顯示CHL為評估植物體葉綠素含量之最佳指標；缺水試驗中，NDVI、PRI和PWC呈顯著正相關，亦即植物遭受缺水逆境時，NDVI值和PRI值降低。
本研究探究盆中盆育苗模式及反射光譜技術在台灣苗木產業之應用潛力。春夏季高溫時， IGPIP之介質溫度明顯較低，有利於植株生育期間及移植後之表現，尤以在水分逆境下之使用效益更高，適於粗放栽培或降雨不足之地區使用；關於AGPIP之推廣價值需要進一步評估。反射光譜與植生指數可精準反應植物體之生理狀態（葉綠素含量、水分含量），為一快速判斷苗木生長品質之方法。

關鍵字

盆中盆 ； 反射光譜 ； 植生指數

並列摘要

Pot-in-pot system (PIP) can be divided into above-ground pot-in-pot (AGPIP) and in-ground pot-in-pot (IGPIP). IGPIP has been expanding rapidly during the past decade because of many advantages. In a below ground pot-in-pot system, a holder or socket pot is permanently positioned in ground and a container plant is then placed inside the socket pot. In our researches, the substrate temperature of IGPIP is lower（4-7.5 ℃） than above-ground conventional production method (AGC) in spring and summer. In winter, the substrate temperatures of IGPIP and AGC have no significant difference. Furthermore, AGPIP can’t lower the substrate temperature that it shows slight variations with AGC.
Height, canopy diameter, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight of Begonia (Begonia semperflorens-cultorum ‘Super Olympia Red’)、celosia (Celosia argentea var. plumosa)、mexican violet (Exacum affine) produced IGPIP are greater, respectively, than plants grown AGC in summer. Besides, the flower condition (such as the first day of visible bud or anthesis, flower number, flower size, and inflorescence dry weight) of plants grown IGPIP are still better than plants produced AGC. For begonia grown IGPIP, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate are greater than plants grown AGC and AGPIP. In water deficient condition, begonia grown IGPIP have greater CMR and Fv/Fm values but lower leaf temperature.
To examine the effects of AGC, IGPIP, and in-field production method (IF) on growth and recovery rate after transplanting of britton's wild petunia (Ruellia brittoniana) and golden dewdrop (Duranta repens L.). Compared with AGC, plants grown IGPIP have greater biomass and Fv/Fm value (in drought condition). Compared with IF, plants grown IGPIP have fast recovery rate.
Leaf spectral reflectance is sensitive to stress such as nutrient deficiency and drought. Begonias are treated with different production methods (AGC、AGPIP、IGPIP), fertilization rates (0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 g•L-1) and drought (frequency of irrigations are 5 days, 10 days, 20 days, 35 days, respectively). Reflectance ratio in red edge position(720-690 nm), red lights and green lights (660-500 nm) of plant grown AGC are higher than plants grown AGPIP and IGPIP; in the near-infrared potions, plant grown IGPIP have the greatest reflectance ratio, especially 860nm, 840 nm, and 780 nm. The wavelengths of green lights, red lights, and red edge positions are apparently affected by fertilization rates (negative linear correlation). However, the near-infrared potions are affected by different drought treatments (plant water content is positive linear correlation with reflectance ratio in the near-infrared potions).
Plant grown IGPIP has higher PRI, NDVI, SR, CHL values than plant grown AGC. Vegetation indices of NDVI, SR, CHL, NIR/G and G/R could successfully assess chlorophyll content. Under drought treatments, NDVI and PRI are positive linearly related to plant water content (PWC).
In the research, we prove that IGPIP and spectral reflectance methods have great potential can be used in nursery production in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Pot-In-Pot(PIP) ； Spectral Reflectance ； Vegetation index

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