- 學位論文
插穗狀態與化學藥劑對花木類植物插穗發根之影響
Effects of Cutting Status and Chemical Treatments on the Rooting of Cuttings in Some Ornamental Shrubs
摘要
摘要 花木類植物扦插繁殖作業中，插穗本身條件和發根促進物質為影響插穗發根的重要因子。本論文探討插穗的葉色濃綠度（chlorophyll meter reading, CMR）與葉片植生指數(vegetation index, VI)、兩種植物荷爾蒙（plant hormone）處理濃度、三種發根輔助物質（rooting cofactors）處理濃度、高效複合發根劑根旺發（NTU Rooting Inducer），對金露華（Duranta repens）、矮仙丹（Ixora williamsii）、艷紫杜鵑（Rhododendron pulchrum）與山茶（Camellia japonica）四種花木類植物插穗發根之影響。 在插穗本身條件方面，以葉綠素計SPAD-502測量插穗葉片之葉綠素計讀值(chlorophyll meter reading；CMR)，另以簡易光譜計NDVI 300 (740 nm~660 nm)測量插穗葉片之植生指數。結果顯示插穗葉片葉綠素計讀值較高的插穗組，艷紫杜鵑插穗發根數較多且最大根長較長，而山茶插穗發根率及發根階段數值皆較高。插穗葉片葉綠素計讀值高低則對矮仙丹插穗發根則無顯著影響。此外，插穗葉片植生指數較高的插穗組，矮仙丹與平戶杜鵑插穗的發根階段數值較高、發根數較多且最大根長較長，山茶插穗則是發根率及發根階段數值較高。 在發根促進物質方面，以3-吲哚丁酸（indole-3-butyric acid, IBA）2000 mg•L-1、1-萘乙酸（1-naphthalene acetic acid, NAA）2000 mg•L-1、水楊酸10-6 M、10-4 M、10-2 M等不同藥劑處理。結果顯示單用2000 mg•L-1 NAA液劑金露華插穗發根數較多，金露華與矮仙丹插穗最大根長較長，且金露華根乾重也較重。2000 mg•L-1 IBA＋2000 mg•L-1 NAA複合藥劑處理，矮仙丹插穗發根階段數值最大且發根率最高，且矮仙丹與艷紫杜鵑插穗發根數最多。另在水楊酸濃度試驗中，單用水楊酸有增加插穗發根數之作用，但處理劑量會因植物種類不同而有所差異。而以2000 mg•L-1 IBA＋10-4 M水楊酸複合藥劑處理，金露華、矮仙丹與艷紫杜鵑插穗發根數最多，且矮仙丹插穗最大根長最長，根乾重也最重。 在發根輔助物質方面，硫胺素（T）三種濃度400、800、1000 mg•L-1與2000 mg•L-1 IBA＋800 mg•L-1 T複合藥劑處理，除了山茶單用1000 mg•L-1 T，插穗可得到最多的發根數外，其餘三種植物以1000 mg•L-1 IBA＋800 mg•L-1 T複合藥劑處理，插穗之發根數最多。其次，2000 mg•L-1 IBA加入不同濃度抗壞血酸（AA）100、1000、10000 mg•L-1，除了矮仙丹插穗單用2000 mg•L-1 IBA發根情況較佳，其餘三種植物均以2000 mg•L-1 IBA＋1000 mg•L-1 AA複合藥劑處理，插穗可得到最多的發根數及根乾重。而2000 mg•L-1 IBA加入兒茶素（C）50、100、200 mg•L-1三種濃度，均以2000 mg•L-1 IBA＋50 mg•L-1 C複合藥劑處理，插穗可得到最多的發根數。 在根旺發粉劑與液劑試驗中，根旺發粉劑與液劑處理插穗發根表現都較IBA處理與未處理藥劑之插穗為佳。其中並以根旺發液劑處理對矮仙丹、艷紫杜鵑及山茶插穗發根表現最好。而與複合型植物生長調節劑ABT生根粉比較促進發根之效果，同樣是以根旺發液劑處理，金露華與矮仙丹插穗的發根情況最佳。艷紫杜鵑則是以根旺發粉劑與液劑處理，插穗可得到最多的發根數及最長的最大根長。而山茶以根旺發2號粉劑處理，插穗發根表現最佳。 綜合上述，在插穗本身條件方面，插穗葉片植生指數可做為剪取插穗的指標。而在發根促進物質方面，以單一藥劑如IBA、NAA或水楊酸處理插穗，發根表現皆較未處理藥劑之插穗為佳。若將生長素與水楊酸這兩種藥劑混合施用，或是添加發根輔助物質如硫胺素、抗壞血酸與兒茶素，以複合型藥劑處理插穗，促進插穗發根的效果更佳。這樣的複合藥劑在產業應用上，具有很大的潛力。
並列摘要
Abstract For cutting propagation of ornameantal plants, cutting internal conditions and rooting promoters are most important factors which affect rooting of cuttings. This study investigated the effects of cutting conditions, rooting promoters (IBA, NAA and salicylic acid), rooting cofactors (thiamine, ascorbic acid and catechol) and a complex rooting promoter (NTU Rooting Inducer) on the rooting of cuttings in four ornamental shrubs (Duranta repens ‘Golden Leaves’, Ixora williamsii, Rhododendron pulchrum, and Camellia japonica). On the effects of cutting internal conditions, SPAD 502 and NDVI 300 (740 nm~660 nm) were used to measure chlorophyll meter reading (CMR) and leaf vegetation index (VI) of cutting leaves. Rhododendron pulchrum cuttings with higher CMR had more root numbers and longer maximum root length. Camellia japonica cuttings with higher CMR had higher rooting percentage and higher rooting stage. Various CMR of cutting leaves had no effect on rooting of Ixora williamsii cuttings. In addition, Ixora williamsii and Rhododendron pulchrum cuttings with higher VI had higher rooting stage, and also had more root numbers and longer maximum root length. Camellia japonica cuttings with higher VI had higher rooting percentage and higher rooting stage. On the effects of rooting promoters, various chemical treatments were 2000 mg•L-1 IBA, 2000 mg•L-1 NAA and salicylic acid (10-6 M, 10-4 M and 10-2 M). The treatment of 2000 mg•L-1 NAA gave more root numbers, longer maximum root length and more root dry weight of Duranta repens‘Golden Leaves’ cuttings, and had longer maximum root length of Ixora williamsii cuttings. The treatment of 2000 mg•L-1 IBA＋2000 mg•L-1 NAA gave higher rooting percentage and higher rooting stage of Ixora williamsii cuttings, and had more root numbers of both Ixora williamsii and Rhododendron pulchrum cuttings. In addituon, salicylic acid increased root numbers in cuttings, but its effect changes as plants species. Treatment of 2000 mg•L-1 IBA＋10-4 M salicylic acid promoted more root numbers in Duranta repens ‘Golden Leaves’, Ixora williamsii and Rhododendron pulchrum cuttings, and gave longer maximum root length and more root dry weight of Ixora williamsii cuttings. On the effects of rooting cofactors, thiamine (T) treatments showed that except treatment of 1000 mg•L-1 thiamine had more root numbers in Camellia japonica cuttings, treatment of 2000 mg•L-1 IBA＋800 mg•L-1 T had more root numbers in Duranta repens, Ixora williamsii and Rhododendron pulchrum cuttings. The ascorbic acid (AA) treatments indicated that treatment of 2000 mg•L-1 IBA＋1000 mg•L-1 AA gave more root numbers and higher root dry weight in Duranta repens, Rhododendron pulchrumi and Camellia japonica cuttings. The catechol (C) treatments showed that treatment of 2000 mg•L-1 IBA＋50 mg•L-1 C had more root numbers in all four tested plant cuttings. On the effects of NTU Rooting Inducer, cuttings treated with NTU Rooting Inducer powder and solution had better rooting ability than those treated with IBA and the control. And cuttings treated with NTU Rooting Inducer solution had best rooting ability than the other treatments in Ixora williamsii, Rhododendron pulchrum, and Camellia japonica. Comparing the effect of ABT rooting powder and NTU Rooting Inducer indicated that NTU Rooting Inducer solution had better rooting ability in Duranta repens‘Golden Leaves’ and Ixora williamsii cuttings. And NTU Rooting Inducer powder and solution had more root numbers and longer maximum root length in Rhododendron pulchrum cuttings. In addition, NTU Rooting InducerⅡ had better rooting ability in Camellia japonica cuttings. In conclusion, on cutting internal factors, leaf vegetation index could be a useful index for cutting quality. On rooting promoters, cuttings treated with IBA, NAA, or salicylic acid alone, had better rooting ability than those did not be treated with any rooting promoters. The combinations of auxin and salicylic acid, or plus some rooting cofactors (such as thiamine, ascorbic acid or catechol) indicated that the combinations often had better rooting ability than single chemical. This phenomenon showed complex rooting promoter has great potential in commercial application.