- 學位論文
臺灣桃園國際機場與其他國家熱帶家蚊之親緣關係
The phylogenetic analysis of Culex quinquefasciatus in Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport and their relationship with other countries
摘要
隨著全球交通越來越方便，病媒蚊透過航空器跨國傳播的機會也大幅提升，進而增加媒介病傳播風險。臺灣桃園國際機場(以下簡稱桃園機場)自2014年起，每年有超過十萬架次入境的飛機，使得病媒蚊的監測漸漸為重要的一環，由過去監測結果顯示，桃園機場主要捕獲的蚊種為熱帶家蚊，而航機掃蚊結果也以熱帶家蚊為主，但是熱帶家蚊是傳播西尼羅熱及絲蟲病的媒介，透過瞭解桃園機場是否有國外熱帶家蚊的入侵，可以提早執行病媒防治及加強監測，同時可以瞭解病媒防治的成效。 研究方法為利用熱帶家蚊的28S rDNA-D2 region、熱帶家蚊共生菌沃爾巴克氏菌的DNA片段pp-hC1A_5及沃爾巴克氏菌的噬菌體基因片段Gp15等三個標的物製做親緣關係樹，看是否能夠使國內及國外的熱帶家蚊分群。研究結果顯示，以28S rDNA-D2 region作為標的物製做的親緣關係樹可以用來區分來自印度及臺灣的熱帶家蚊；pp-hC1A_5則可以區分來自東南亞國家（緬甸、柬埔寨、菲律賓、泰國、新加坡、印尼及馬來西亞）及臺灣的熱帶家蚊；Gp15更可以用來區分來自東南亞國家、日本、與臺灣的熱帶家蚊。截至2017年3月的資料顯示，桃園機場的熱帶家蚊皆為臺灣本土的。如果後續有監測到外來的熱帶家蚊，就能迅速啟動病媒蚊防治工作，例如加強病媒蚊監測、港埠衛生清潔消毒及針對來自特定疫區的航空器執行噴藥滅蟲作業。使臺灣國際港埠公共衛生水準不僅達到國際衛生條例標準，更超越其他先進國家。
並列摘要
As global traffic has become more and more convenient, there were more than one hundred thousand flights coming from all over the world in Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport (TPE) since 2014. In previous study, a large proportion of mosquitoes caught in TPE were Culex quinquefasciatus, which can transmit West Nile virus and Wuchereria parasite. We want to know if there are foreign Cx. quinquefasciatus already dwell in TPE or not. If there are foreign ones, then we should adjust vector control programs and prevent outbreaks of disease. In order to distinguish the Cx. quinquefasciatus in TPE is native or not, Cx. quinquefasciatus from different Taiwan counties were compared to Cx. quinquefasciatus from foreign countries by using phylogenetic trees. There are several potential markers of phylogenetic trees may separate Taiwan’s native Cx. quinquefasciatus or foreign one, such as 28S rDNA-D2 region of Cx. quinquefasciatus, pp-hC1A_5 of Wolbachia pipientis (wPip), and Gp15 of WO prophage of wPip. To achieve that, we used polymerase chain reaction to amplify target DNA fragments, sequencing, and made the phylogenetic trees by MEGA 6.0 software. The results show that phylogenetic trees by using three different markers can provide different resolution of phylogenetic relationship. In the marker of 28S rDNA-D2 region one, which only separate India from Taiwan, TPE, and Southeast Asia countries (Philippines, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore). Another marker, pp-hC1A_5, which can separate into two clades of phylogenetic tree, one contains samples from Taiwan, TPE, and Japan, the other includes samples from Southeast Asia countries. The other marker, Gp15, has the best resolution which shows it can separate Taiwan, Southeast Asia countries, and Japan into three different clades. We have detected no foreign Cx. quinquefasciatus in TPE until March, 2017. If there are foreign Cx. quinquefasciatus, we will conduct vector control, such as increasing the strength of vector surveillance and the health of port, even doing disinsection of certain origin of aircrafts. Making the level of public health of international port of Taiwan is far beyond the International Health Regulations.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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