台灣壽險業之組織變革與策略管理：以H壽險公司為例

保險銷售對台灣經濟貢獻扮演重要角色。據瑞士再保最新的Sigma報告， 2018年台灣保險密度為5,156美元（即平均每人每年的保費支出約為新台幣15.9萬元），較2017年成長3.3%，其中壽險密度為4,320美元（約新台幣13.3萬元），比2017年成長3%，產險為841美元，成長4.7%，保險「密度」，以該國保險業保費收入除人口數，也就是平均每人每年的保費支出，代表該國保險業發展的程度，及國人對保險意識的強度。另一項重要指標是台灣保險「滲透度」，是計算各國保險費占其國內生產毛額（GDP）的比重，也代表該國保險業，對其經濟的重要性及貢獻度。台灣僅2,300萬人口數，但壽險保費收入卻能在全球排上前八名，代表台灣壽險市場相對成熟，民眾喜愛投保，且保費支出占比極高，因為低利率環境，台灣民眾由銀行存款轉向壽險儲蓄險保單，壽險滲透率從2007年開始，到2018年是第12年拿下全球第一高，亦即12連霸，壽險資產也在這12年間快速成長，去年底已超過新台幣26兆元。瑞士再保險研究院也分析，台灣保費已成長趨緩，投資型保單受投資市場波動影響，雖然有資金寬鬆、民眾財富增加、人口逐漸高齡化因素，預計台灣2019年保費會持續成長，但隨著主管機關政策著重「保險姓保」，及2024年與IFRS17國際會計準則接軌，保障型、實物給付型、退休及長期照護等商品有機會成為新成長動能，但因為低利率環境持續，壽險營運獲利動能亦會受到壓抑，2019年收益主要來自於海外投資部位及匯率差益。整體壽險在未來有幾個大挑戰：保險商品與投資的錯置、2024年IFRS17的資產實質計算規定、壽險業仍未脫避險風暴、長期低利環境及法規驟變，不利商品銷售，未來幾年仍需面對「二低二高」挑戰：低利率、低成長、高避險成本、高滲透率，為壽險業設了成長的天險。保險公司在科技人才、監管、產品開發、併購以及稅改等方面將可能遭遇的最重大議題，說明個別因素在接下來12至18個月的發展可能，並提供應對建議予保險業者參考。這意味著，雖然產業可能必須承受內外壓力夾擊，不過其衝擊程度之高低實取決於業者自身；而最大的決定性因素，或許會是保險業者迅速適應社經高速變化的決心與備戰程度。

關鍵字

保險密度；保險滲透度；瑞士再保險

並列摘要

Insurance sales play an important role in Taiwan's economic contribution. According to Swiss Re's latest Sigma report, Taiwan's insurance density was $5,156 in 2018 (that is, the average annual premium for each person was NT$159,000), a 3.3% increase from 2017, with a life insurance density of $4,320. NT$133,000), up 3% from 2017, property insurance at $841, up 4.7%, insurance “density”, in addition to the population of the country’s insurance premium income, which is the average annual premium per person. Representing the extent of the country's insurance industry development and the strength of Chinese people's awareness of insurance. Another important indicator is Taiwan's insurance “permeability”, which is calculated by accounting for the proportion of national insurance premiums to its gross domestic product (GDP). It also represents the importance and contribution of the country's insurance industry to its economy. Taiwan has a population of only 23 million, but life insurance premiums can rank in the top eight in the world. On behalf of Taiwan, the life insurance market is relatively mature. People love insurance, and premiums account for a very high proportion. Because of the low interest rate environment, Taiwanese people deposit by bank. Turning to life insurance savings insurance policy, life insurance penetration rate began in 2007, and in 2018, it was the world's highest in the 12th year, that is, 12 consecutive tyrants. Life insurance assets also grew rapidly in these 12 years, and exceeded NT$ at the end of last year. 26 trillion yuan. The Swiss Reinsurance Research Institute also analyzed that Taiwan's premiums have slowed down, and investment-type policies have been affected by fluctuations in the investment market. Although there are loose funds, increased wealth, and a aging population, it is expected that Taiwan's premiums will continue to grow in 2019, but with The authorities' policies focus on "insurance surnames" and in 2024, they are in line with IFRS17 international accounting standards. Guaranteed, in-kind payment, retirement and long-term care products have the opportunity to become new growth momentum, but because of the low interest rate environment, life insurance operations have been The kinetic energy will also be suppressed. The income in 2019 mainly comes from overseas investment positions and exchange rate differences. There are several major challenges in overall life insurance: the mismatch of insurance products and investment, the actual calculation of the assets of IFRS17 in Y2024, the life insurance industry has not yet escaped the risk evasion, the long-term low interest rate environment and the sudden changes in regulations, we still have to face the "two lows and two highs" challenges: low interest rates, low growth rate, high hedging costs, and high penetration rates, which have set a natural danger for the life insurance industry. The most important issues that an insurance company will encounter in terms of technology talents, supervision, product development, mergers and acquisitions, and tax reforms, explain the development of individual factors in the next 12 to 18 months, and provide recommendations for insurance industry reference. This means that although the industry may have to withstand internal and external pressures, the degree of impact depends on the industry itself; and the biggest decisive factor may be the determination and preparedness of the insurers to adapt quickly to the rapid changes in the economy.