可應用於靜電濾材保值之烯烴共聚物防水濾材及熱塑性聚氨酯防油濾材之開發

Development of Moisture-proof Cyclic Olefin Copolymer and Oil-proof Thermoplastic Polyurethane Masking Filters for the Application of Electrostatic Filter

周曜新(Yao-Hsin Chou)

指導教授 ： 李世光

共同指導教授 ： 許聿翔 ； 吳光鐘

國立臺灣大學/工學院/應用力學研究所/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201803672

摘要

隨著近年來空氣污染的議題越來越嚴重，因空污所引起的疾病，如：缺血性心臟病、慢性阻塞肺病、呼吸道感染、心血管疾病、中風、癌症等，皆佔據全球十大死因半數以上；因此如何有效的防止吸入污染物或懸浮微粒PM2.5，已成為世界各國主要研究的目標之一。
針對各種市售濾材的過濾機制中，尤以靜電過濾(Electrostatic attraction)在微粒粒徑為100至400 nm間擁有較高的過濾效率，因此在過濾方面，靜電式濾材擁有非常高的重要性與眾多的應用及研究；然而，對於潮濕的環境，空氣中的水氣易使靜電式濾材的表面電位加快流失，導致其壽命縮短、過濾效率不佳等影響。另外，在高油霧濃度的環境中，靜電濾材則易因吸附油性顆粒而影響其過濾效果，使過濾效能快速喪失，導致過濾失效等問題。
為了改善靜電濾材於潮濕環境中及高油霧濃度環境中使用上的限制，並提升靜電的保持能力與過濾效能，我們積極開發擁有良好水氣阻隔特性之環烯烴共聚物(Cyclic Olefin Copolymer, COC)與疏油性佳的綠色材料，熱塑性聚氨酯(Thermoplastic Polyurethane, TPU)，以低壓降不織布為基底製成防潮塗層濾材與疏油塗層濾材，將其包覆於市售靜電濾材兩側後，除了一般環境與環控環境下之表面電位觀測，為了即時測試高濕環境的過濾效率，本研究設計一可環控系統夾具分別進行環控表面電位觀測、環控過濾效率測試以及油霧過濾效率的測試實驗，並且證實了在高濕度環境下，靜電濾材的表面電位與過濾效率皆有迅速下降的趨勢；但在具有本研究所研製之防潮濾材的防護下，將能有效防止濕度所帶來的影響，且能進一步增加靜電濾材的帶電能力與過濾效率並延長其使用壽命；油霧過濾的部分，我們透過低壓降之疏油濾材疊層放置於靜電濾材前，使油霧先被疏油濾材攔截，比無防護時的靜電濾材較不易快速吸油，達到提升使用受命、過濾效率與過濾膜品質的效果。

關鍵字

靜電濾材 ； 濕度 ； 油霧過濾 ； 表面電位 ； 過濾效率 ； 環烯烴共聚物 ； 熱塑性聚氨酯

並列摘要

With the increasing air pollution problem in recent years, diseases related by air pollution has become one of the leading cause worldwide, such as ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory infections, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, cancer, etc., most of them are top ten causes of death in the world. Therefore, how to effectively prevent inhalation of pollutants or PM2.5 has become the one of the main research field in the world.
Among the five filtration mechanism, electrostatic attraction has the higher filtration efficiency in the particle size ranging from 100 nm to 400 nm than other mechanisms. However, the moisture in the air tends to cause the loss of the surface potential, especially in humid environment, resulting in shorter life time and lower filtration efficiency. In addition, in an environment containing high concentration of oil mist, the filter material is liable to be masked by the adsorption of oil particles, leading to a rapid lost of electrostatic charges and loss of filtration efficiency.
In order to improve the dilemma of electrostatic filter used in environments with a high humidity or a high concentration of oil mist, a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) masking filter for moisture resistance and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) masking filter for oil mist resistance are developed. These masking filters have a low pressure drop and can be place in front of commercial electrostatic filters to maintain the life time of electrostatic filters and performance.
Experimental results confirm that the surface potential and the filtration efficiency can be reduced in high humidity environment. By masking commercial electrostatic filters with developed COC moisture masing filter, the influence of humidity can be minimized, and the filtration efficiency and charging capacity of the electrostatic filter can be increased. On the other hand, using the TPU oil mist masking filter, majority of oil mist can first be intercepted by the oleophobic filter that being placed in front of the electrostatic filter. Finally, we experimentally verified that the lifetime, the filtration efficiency and the quality of the masked electrostatic filter can be enhanced.

並列關鍵字

PM2.5 ； Electrostatic filter ； humidity ； Oil mist filtration ； Surface potential ； Filtration efficiency ； cyclic olefin copolymer filter ； thermoplastic polyurethane filter

參考文獻

[1] Han, X. and L.P. Naeher, A review of traffic-related air pollution exposure assessment studies in the developing world. Environment International, 2006. 32(1): p. 106-120.

[2] Wang, H., et al., Long-term monitoring and source apportionment of PM2.5/PM10 in Beijing, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2008. 20(11): p. 1323-1327.

[3] W.H. Organization. The top 10 causes of death. 2018; Available: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/.

[4] W.H. Organization. 9 out of 10 people worldwide breathe polluted air, but more countries are taking action. 2018; Available: http://www.who.int/airpollution/en/.

[5] M. Brauer. Poor air quality kills 5.5 million worldwide annually. 2018; Available: http://www.healthdata.org/.