都市街道熱風險地圖建置之研究-以台南市中心為例

Research on the Construction of Urban Street’s Thermal Risk Map: A Case Study of Tainan City

李宜臻(Yi-Jhen Li)

指導教授 ： 黃國倉

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/生物環境系統工程學研究所/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201803707

摘要

熱風險整合都市熱舒適環境評估以及風險分析概念，以氣候因素及都市街廓設計因子評估地區的熱舒適表現，並以其為災害度指標，結合由人口密度以及年齡組成之重要資訊評估得到的暴露度以及脆弱度資訊，分析其風險表現。
為建立熱風險地圖，此研究耦合地理資訊系統以及自行建置之舒適評估模型，以進行高精度以及高效率的計算。其中與街廓設計型態有關之氣候因子均先經過校正，而熱舒適模組則根據物理原理建置。
此研究以台南市區為例，建立都市地區熱風險評估之標準方法，並且以地圖形式呈現都市中具有高度熱不舒適表現、高熱壓力表現以及高熱風險現象的區域。針對高熱壓力區域分析其與都市街廓設計因子之關係，亦探討街道內不同位置的熱舒適表現差異。研究結果顯示街道周圍平均樓高、街道寬度、街道座向以及高寬比對於街道之熱壓力表現具有顯著性，東北-西南向之街道有最佳壓力表現，而增加樓高、降低街道寬度亦有助於改善熱環境。熱風險表現方面除探討因子對其個別影響之外，亦提出以街道熱壓力、人口密度、老人密度以及兒童密度為變因之預測函數，以利於未來快速評估地區進行熱環境改善之必要性。

關鍵字

熱風險 ； 熱舒適模型 ； 熱壓力 ； 都市氣候地圖 ； 地理資訊系統 ； 街道

並列摘要

Thermal environment and risk analysis are the main of thermal risk. Both climatic factors and urban morphology were considered to evaluate the thermal environment performance and hazard index. For the exposure index, the population density was taken into account. The age construction of the population was used to evaluate the sensitivity index on the other hand. The hazard, exposure, and sensitivity index were combined to evaluate the thermal risk index, according to IPCC’s definition of risk.
Geographical Information System is introduced in this research. It was also coupled with the thermal comfort model constructed by this research, to compute with high resolution and get down the time-cost. The constructed thermal comfort model is based on the physical theory of energy balance, which means this is a white-box model. Moreover, climatic factors related to the urban morphology were regulated in this research.
A standard method of evaluating thermal risk is constructed in this research. The result is shown as the form of map to point out the area with poor thermal comfort performance, high thermal stress or high thermal risk. Furthermore, the phenomenon that thermal condition change in the same street is discussed. Building height, street width, street axis and the height-to-width ratio are the urban morphologies proved to be sensitive to thermal stress. The result indicates that the street with NE-SE orientation has the lowest thermal stress. Increasing the building height and decreasing the road with also have a positive effect on the thermal environment.
The prediction model of thermal risk is proposed as the function of thermal stress, population density, children density and elderly density. The equation is built with the aim of effectively predicting the thermal risk, making the priority of mitigation can be determined.

並列關鍵字

thermal risk ； thermal comfort model ； thermal stress ； urban climate map ； GIS ； street canyon

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