國家建制與白色恐怖： 五○年代初期臺灣政治案件形成之原因

State-Building and the White Terror： The Causes of Political Persecution in the Early 1950s in Taiwan

蘇慶軒(Ching-Hsuan Su)

指導教授 ： 黃長玲

共同指導教授 ： 吳叡人

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/政治學研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2008.00846

摘要

本論文關注五○年代初白色恐怖時期，台灣地區政治案件形成的原因。政治案件形成的結構性因素，是國民黨在台灣進行「國家建制」工程所致。

然而，由於這種結構性研究的觀點將國家視為一個整體的、一致性的研究單位，因此在觀察國家暴力的運作時有其不足之處。除了反抗國民黨國家建制工程而遭清除的對象之外，還有大量無辜的政治受害人遭受政治迫害，而結構性研究卻將之視為國家行動附帶的產物。如何進一步解釋無辜的政治受害人被迫害的現象，成為本文研究的焦點。

在國共敵對的背景下，由於中國共產黨能夠組織性地對抗國民黨，因此從二次大戰後台灣左翼勢力的興起，一直到1953年中國共產黨台灣省工作委員會遭國民黨徹底肅清的過程，象徵著國民黨國民黨初步完成國家建制工程。除此之外，追求獨立自主的政治菁英與異議份子同樣抗拒國民黨的統治，因此在國家建制的過程中也為國民黨所不容。

然而，除了台灣共產黨、追求獨立自主的政治菁英與異議份子之外，還有大量政治受害人遭受政治迫害而形成「冤錯假案」。針對這樣的現象，本文試圖從中層組織層次觀察國家專制能力的運作，建立有限的解釋機制，解釋部分伴隨國家建制工程出現的「冤錯假案」，以此補足結構性視角的不足之處。

關鍵字

白色恐怖 ； 中國國民黨 ； 國家理論 ； 國家建制 ； 國家暴力 ； 中國共產黨台灣省工作委員會 ； 冤錯假案

並列摘要

This dissertation is an attempt at an analysis of the causes of the political persecution in Taiwan in the early 1950s. Whereas some researches take the political persecution in Taiwan in the early 1950s to be the result of the Kuomintang (KMT) State-Building construction, I argue that this structural point of view is insufficient for explaining how the state apparatus causes the state violence and is in need of further explanations on the reasons why during the course of the execution of the state power a large number of innocent people suffer from political persecution.

After WWⅡ, the Communist Party of China (CPC), the revolutionary regime which by confronting KMT seeks to seize the absolute ruling power over China, establishes and develops a branch, the Taiwan Work Committee of the CPC (TWC), in order to overthrow KMT in Taiwan. As a result, by the time KMT successfully suppresses and eliminates the TWC, the State-Building construction by KMT has also come to its primary end. It should also be noted that the political elites and dissidents against KMT are also suppressed in the process of the State-Building construction.

However, besides the resisting forces such as the TWC and the political elites and dissidents, a lot of innocent people are persecuted by KMT as well, and the latter’s cases are called the “cases involving unjust, false and wrong charges.” I argue that due to the fact that the researches using “structure” as the ultimate explaining factor regard “state” as a unit, these researches therefore conclude that the “cases involving unjust, false and wrong charges” are the by-product of the KMT State-Building construction rather than try to explain them by further examination.

Having the insufficiency of the structural explanation in mind, this dissertation aims to turn to the middle level for a more powerful explanation for the mass political persecution during the period.

並列關鍵字

White Terror ； Kuomintang(KMT) ； State theory ； State-Building ； State violence ； the Taiwan Work Committee of the CPC ； Cases involving unjust, false and wrong charges

參考文獻

吳聰敏，〈台灣戰後的惡性物價膨脹（1945-1950）〉，《1950-1960

邱榮舉＆謝欣如，〈戰後台灣客家政治菁英與白色恐怖政治事件──

塑（1949-1970）〉，《台灣社會研究季刊》第五十二

期，2003，台北市：台灣社會研究雜誌社。

侯坤宏，〈戰後台灣白色恐怖論析〉，《1950-1960年代的歷史省思