日本の野球用語に関する研究

長久以來，一般認為日語中的運動用語以外來語居多。然而，在日本的棒球用語中，漢譯語和混種語也經常被使用，有許多用語無法呼應上述的說法。本研究就是以解析此現象為目的之研究。本研究中調查的棒球用語包含球技用語（狹義的棒球用語）與具時事性的用語（廣義的棒球用語），由語種及用語分類的觀點，分析了棒球用語此一專業術語的實態及其特殊性。首先，利用戰前至戰後出版的三冊棒球用語集，調查棒球用語中的基礎語彙。由此調查可知，外來語容易進入棒球用語，但亦觀察到了漢語與混種語的成長。此外，也在此調查掌握了棒球用語中的基礎用語與新語的特徵。第二，以事典『現代用語的基礎知識』所收錄之棒球用語進行歷時的調查，分析了戰後棒球用語中的新語及具時事性的用語之特徵。由此調查可知，相較於球技用語中以外來語居多，時事用語則以非外來語居多。最後一個調查則分析了書面語及口語中的棒球用語。相較於轉播用語中以外來語居多，在報紙上則是漢語較常被使用。然而，觀察不同用語分類，也能夠發現不同分類對外來語的易懂性或漢語的簡短各取所需。透過本研究，可以發現近年來無論在棒球用語集或事典中，具時事性的用語被收錄的頻率有增加的傾向。因此，能夠預測棒球用語受此傾向影響，其中的外來語比例將會降低，而混種語的比例則會上升。在棒球這個運動項目中，外來語與漢語的用語各擅勝場，發揮了各自的作用與傳達功能。

關鍵字

棒球用語；語種；外來語；漢語

並列摘要

For a long time, it is generally believed that Japanese sports terminology consists mainly loanwords (Gairaigo). However, Sino-Japanese vocabulary (or Kango) and pidgin are also often used in Japanese baseball terminology, which does not correspond the common belief mentioned above. This study is one that aims at explaining the phenomenon. The study surveyed baseball terminology, including baseball skills lingo (the narrow-sense baseball terminology) and topical terms (the broad-sense baseball terminology). The reality and particularity of professional baseball terminology were then analyzed in terms of the word-categories (Goshu) and usages of the vocabulary. To begin with, the study surveyed basic baseball terms in three books of baseball glossary published from before the Second World War to the post-war era. Via the survey, one can find not only that loanwords were easily added to baseball terminology, but that the growth of Sino-Japanese and pidgin was observable. In addition, the survey shows a command of the characteristics of the basic lingo and new terms in baseball terminology. Second, another trend analysis of baseball terminology based on The Encyclopedia of Contemporary Words examined the characteristics of the new and the topical terms in post-war baseball lingo. Via this survey, one can know that, compared with the majority of loanwords in baseball skills, there are more non-loanwords (Sino-Japanese or native Japanese vocabulary) in topical terms. The last survey investigated written and spoken baseball terminology. Compared with the larger proportion of loanwords in broadcasting terms, Sino-Japanese words are more often used in newspapers. However, when observing different kinds of terms, one can find that different purposes of language usage opt for the comprehensibility of loanwords or the brevity of Sino-Japanese. Through the study, one can find the tendency of topical being more and more often included in baseball glossary or encyclopedia. Therefore, one could infer that baseball terminology is influenced by the tendency, in which the proportion of loanwords declines while that of pidgin increases. In the sport, baseball, loanwords and Sino-Japanese dominate different fields in the baseball diamond, applying their own influences and communication functions.