智慧藥盒服藥提醒與分藥系統之開發

本研究開發一個應用無線感測網路(Wireless Sensor Network, WSN)技術的智慧藥盒服藥提醒與分藥系統，此系統能協助慢性疾病患者安全的進行服藥、簡化複雜的分藥程序並且自動記錄服藥情形。此系統亦能進一步拓展成多人使用的情境，例如應用在醫療院所或是安養中心。整個系統主要是由一個主機(Master Panel)以及七個可供攜帶的智慧藥盒(Smart Pill-Box)所組成。主機除了負責提供智慧藥盒進行充電以及接收來自智慧藥盒的資料之外，也負責提供命令或資料給智慧藥盒，包含網路閘道、資料庫存取協助等功能。而每一個智慧藥盒都能獨立的提供服藥提醒、記錄與監控功能。在網路架構上，充電座與充電座之間採用樹狀拓樸，充電座與它所管理的七個智慧藥盒之間則採用星狀拓樸。此外，在藥物偵測機制上，本研究設計兩種偵測藥物的方式。一是利用金屬接觸點的高低電位訊號進行偵測，二是透過磁感測晶片的磁通量變化進行偵測。　　本研究在無線通訊技術上，我們提出能有效降低封包遺失率的傳輸機制。透過實驗，在14個藥盒、每個藥盒每0.2秒傳1次封包、每個封包為100 bytes且所有藥盒同時傳輸的情況下，結合「時間分割」方法加上「載波感測多重存取碰撞避免協定」(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance, CSMA/CA)機制能夠使得95%以上的封包被正確且穩定的傳輸。本研究更將樹狀路由網路架構加入智慧藥盒服藥提醒與分藥系統中，使得本系統從單人使用推廣成為可供多人使用的系統。而透過實驗找出封包往返時間(Round-Trip Time, RTT)與來源節點到目標節點所經過的節點數目(Hop count)的關係，可以依此數據估計封包在樹狀網路上的傳輸時間。此外，在藥物偵測技術上，針對磁感測晶片偵測磁通量變化的設計，本研究也成功量測出重複性與靈敏度皆不錯的磁感測曲線。

關鍵字

無線感測網路；智慧藥盒；樹狀拓樸；磁感測

並列摘要

In this work, a smart medication system, which employs the wireless sensing network (WSN) technologies, is designed, implemented and demonstrated. The primary functions of the system include the medication reminder and the medication tracking for the patients with chronic diseases. The system can be easily deployed in a nursing home which accommodates many elderly people. Each system consists of a master panel (MP) and seven portable smart pill-boxes (SPB). The MP serves as a network gateway/database for its own smart pillboxes. Each SPB independently provides the functions of medication reminding and monitoring for patients. The routing network among the Dockings is constructed using the tree topology. The star topology is used for the communication between each Docking and its own seven SPBs. Moreover, two methods are proposed for detecting the existence of pills in a SPB. One is to detect the mechanical contact of metal electrodes, and the other is to measure the magnetic field intensity variation using a magnetic sensor. A WSN communication configuration for reducing the probability of packet-loss rate is also proposed. In a star network with one MP and 14 SPBs, each SPB sending one 100-byte packet every 200 ms. More than 95% packets can be correctly transmitted with a simple time-division method and CSMA/CA. The tree topology network employed among MPs can expand this medication system into a multi-user system. The relationship between Round-Trip Time (RTT) and hop count is also measured. According to the measured results, the time for transmitting a packet in the tree topology network can be estimated. Furthermore, the measurement results show that the magnetic sensing method has good repeatability.

並列關鍵字

wireless sensor network ； smart pill-box ； tree topology ； magnetic sensor

參考文獻

[1] A. Razin, E. Sadka, P. Swagel, “The Aging Population and the Size of the Welfare State,” The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 110, pp. 900-918, Aug (2002).

[2] American Association of Retired Persons, http://www.aarp.org/

[3] L.T. Kohn, J.M. Corrigan, M.S. Donaldson, “To err is human: building a safer health system,” National Academy Press, Washington, DC (1999).

[11] e-pill®, “Automatic Pill Dispenser,” http://www.epill.com/medtime.html

[14] J. Zheng, M. J. Lee, “A Comprehensive Performance Study of IEEE 802.15.4,” IEEE Press Book (2004).

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智慧藥盒服藥提醒與分藥系統之開發

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