高層建築消防系統之可靠度與風險評估

Reliability and Risk Assessment of Fire Protection Systems in High-rise Buildings

許育慈(Yu-Tzu Hsu)

指導教授 ： 吳文方

國立臺灣大學/工學院/工業工程學研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.10706

摘要

無資料

關鍵字

高層建築 ； 消防系統 ； 可靠度分析 ； 火災風險評估

並列摘要

In recent decades, with development of economy and architecture technology, high-rise, large-scale, and novel buildings in Taiwan continuously increase. Owing to high occupant density, complex function and difficult evacuation in high-rise buildings, fire may induce considerable casualties. The current prescriptive codes are not suitable for the fire safety design of these complex buildings. The recommended method is based on performance-based fire protection design. Fire risk assessment is the foundation of performance-based fire protection design, and appropriate performance-based fire protection design cannot be well implemented without reasonable fire risk assessment methods. Because of the complexity of fire dynamics, the uncertain incidence of fire accidences and the incompletion of current information and knowledge, fire risk assessment cannot be implemented only based on the deterministic rule. Therefore, based on the current fire risk assessment methods and probability models, this article presents a quantitative risk assessment framework for evaluating the expected risk to life in high-rise building fires. Fire risk is divided into two parts: probability and corresponding consequence of every fire scenario. The event tree technique is used to analyze probable fire scenarios with consideration of functioning or failure of fire protection systems. For the occupant evacuation time assessment, individual starting time, initial position and walking speed are characterized by some probability distributions. For the ASET assessment, uncertainties of fire load density and fire growth factor are considered. Consequences of a fire scenario can be evaluated by comparing probability distribution of individual evacuation time and that of ASET, which are obtained from Monte Carlo simulation technique. This fire risk assessment method is applied to a 30-story office building. The assessment results indicate that the fire risk to life safety under ignition on floors 2-10 is approximately 16 times larger than on floors 11-30, which is due to no sprinklers installed on floors 2-10. Moreover, reliability of mechanical smoke exhaust systems is the dominant factor to reduce the expected risk to life whereas reliability of automatic fire detection systems is the minor factor to reduce the expected risk to life. When mechanical smoke exhaust systems fail to operate, the expected risk to life would reach the maximum value. If occupants on floors 2-10 are well trained to use first-aid extinguishers to extinguish or control fire during the early stage of fire accidents, the expected risk to life would reach the minimum value.

並列關鍵字

High-rise buildings ； Fire Protection Systems ； Reliability Analysis ； Fire Risk Assessment

參考文獻

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