超高層建築物火災避難決策支援系統之研究

A Decision Support System on Hazard-prevention and Evacuation in High-Rise Buildings

高任瑋(Jen-Wei Kao)

指導教授 ： 林正平

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2005.00245

摘要

隨著經濟發展，人口往都市集中現象日益明顯，建築基地地價高漲，為充分達到土地利用，建築物有往超高層化之趨勢，都市建築物高層化已成為都市現代化之特徵。超高層建築物因各樓層之總使用面積廣大，導致逃生時間較一般建築物長，避難途中遭遇危險之機率大增。另一方面，由於建築物內部配置及其使用用途較為複雜，造成人員避難時無法判斷正確之逃生路徑，加重避難人員心理恐慌與無所適從的感覺。而內部逃生，大多藉由避難安全梯來進行疏散，當避難人員集中往安全梯進行逃生避難時，勢必隨著人數增加及樓層增高導致逃生所需時間增長。因此，本研究以避難路徑與時間之關係及群集避難行為為基礎，建立逃生避難之最適分配動態模擬模式，再結合建築物防災中心監控系統，建立超高層建築物避難決策支援系統。期待藉由此模式之建立以提高疏散效率，使人群在火場中順利疏散，降低人員傷亡。

關鍵字

超高層建築物 ； 避難疏散 ； 決策支援系統

並列摘要

As the steadfast development of the local economy continues to drive up the cost of remaining developable building properties, the building technology is increasingly dictated by a high-rise buildings in order to maximize land utilization. Yet a variety of reasons, such as an enormous bulk, complex structure, exceptional construction materials and highly populated density have made high-rise buildings a firetrap in the event of a fire rescue mission, leading to severe casualty and damage.
The research tried to establish related mathematical models in building up a decision support system for high-rise buildings. Therefore this study first establishes the egress time in fires, using the assumption that crowd movement in fire is a pipeline movement plus a time variable, Then to establish a dynamic egress model for high-rise buildings. The shortest egress route resulting in the least egress time is then determined using the model established. Secondly, based to the principle that the total number of occupants in a building should be equal to the service capacity of all exits. A table of egress capacity is established using the different egress times to calculate the initial egress capacity distribution. Revisions and redistribution are used to optimize the initial figures, so as to allow for optimal flow of the evacuees and successful evacuation.
This study, which emphasizes hazard prevention in architecture related fields, applies dynamic programming in egress simulates in order to analyze the relationship between signage and evacuation behavior in high-rise buildings. It provides a systematic procedure for determining the optimal combination of decisions.

並列關鍵字

High-Rise Buildings ； Evacuation ； Decision Support System

參考文獻

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