人工智慧「民主化」與經濟體制變革－以限制競爭規範為出發點

對於經濟學家而言，社會與科技發展息息相關的理由，或許是因為科技讓某些事物的價格變得便宜許多；如果科技能夠讓所有的事物都變得平價，科技發展就會轉化為全面性的經濟體制變革。目前人工智慧的發展與應用，讓我們幾乎可以確認未來就是人工智慧民主化的發展過程。我們的目標不只是促使人工智慧進行各種深化應用而已，也必須讓人工智慧成為各領域專家都能夠運用的利器，如此才能夠降低所有人的預測成本，迎接新經濟的到來。法律是經濟體制不可或缺的重要基石，其對人工智慧民主化的影響不容小覷。當人工智慧需要跨領域的商業應用時，事業或許會將價格決定交給人工智慧，從中獲取更多的商業利益。或許人工智慧會促進整體的社會福利，但是也有可能對市場造成限制競爭的負面結果，特別是在聯合行為與價格歧視上，人工智慧都可能會對現有的競爭法產生衝擊。因此，本論文透過科技與經濟的多元角度，分析人工智慧在法律上所衍生的限制競爭問題，並提出問題意識與研究結論。在科技與法律的交互影響下，人工智慧所衍生的限制競爭問題，或許不是單靠法律就能解決的爭議，更需要透過科技的協助才能落實競爭執法。此外，產業政策能否與限制競爭規範相輔相成，同樣攸關人工智慧的未來發展，從而，科技也需要適當的法律架構才能順利發展。因此，本論文將人工智慧民主化所帶來的經濟體制變革聚焦在競爭執法層面，以建構未來的科技執法模式。

關鍵字

機器學習；區塊鏈；聯合行為；價格歧視；相對優勢地位；法遵科技；監理科技

並列摘要

For economists, the reason why society is so closely tied to technological development may be that technology makes some things much cheaper; if technology can make everything cheaper, then technological development will transform into a comprehensive change in the economic system. With the current development and application of artificial intelligence, it is almost certain that the future will be a process of democratizing artificial intelligence. Our goal is not only to deepen the application of artificial intelligence, but also to make it available to experts in all fields so that we can lower the cost of forecasting and usher in the new economy. Law is an indispensable cornerstone of the economic system, and its impact on the democratization of artificial intelligence should not be underestimated. When artificial intelligence needs to be used commercially across multiple domains, companies may leave the pricing to artificial intelligence, and derive more commercial benefit from it. Artificial intelligence may contribute to the overall welfare of society, but it may also have the negative effect of restricting competition in the marketplace, particularly in the case of concerted practices and price discrimination, which may have an impact on existing competition laws. Therefore, this thesis analyzes the legally derived competition restriction problems of artificial intelligence through the multiple perspectives of technology and economics, and proposes an awareness of the problem and a research conclusion. Under the interaction of technology and law, the problem of competition restriction derived from artificial intelligence may not be solved by law alone, but also requires the assistance of technology to enforce competition law. In addition, whether or not industrial policy and competition restriction norms can complement each other is also crucial to the future development of artificial intelligence, and thus, technology needs an appropriate legal framework to develop successfully. Therefore, this paper focuses on the changes in the economic system brought about by the democratization of artificial intelligence in the context of competition enforcement, in order to construct a future model of technology enforcement.