碳化矽馬達驅動器加設諧振濾波器之向量控制改善

Vector Control Improvement on SiC Machine Drive with LC Filter

梁家銘(Chia-Ming Liang)

指導教授 ： 楊士進

國立臺灣大學/工學院/機械工程學研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202102397

摘要

本篇論文旨在研究馬達驅動器加設諧振濾波器後之控制改善。隨著半導體技術發展，使用寬能隙材料如碳化矽 (SiC) 驅動器具有高衝寬度調變切頻與低損耗之特性，但其高切頻也帶來較高的dv/dt瞬間電流與電磁干擾，加設諧振濾波器可以降低因寬能隙高切頻而產生之負面影響。然而增加諧振濾波器後，所產生之1)電壓電流相位變化與旋轉軸控制下耦合問題; 2)因濾波器所產生之自然頻率共振問題；3)諧振濾波器產生的驅動器電壓電流幅值與相位改變，皆會影響原本伺服馬達向量控制的動態性能與穩定度。
本篇論文將諧振濾波器之馬達向量控制分為三章節進行討論。第一，針對諧振濾波器所產生之電壓電流相位變化，提出一種多層狀態回授控制架構以改善其旋轉軸耦合問題；第二，針對諧振濾波器之自然頻率共振影響，利用控制器設計虛擬電阻進行主動式共振抑制；第三，針對諧振濾波器產生的驅動器電壓電流幅值相位改變，利用狀態估測器設計進行後級馬達端電壓電流估測，將其用於前面開發的濾波器耦合解偶與共振抑制系統，並討論其設計之估測器參數敏感度。
透過此篇論文所提出之控制架構，可有效控制串聯諧振濾波器之碳化矽馬達驅動器，並透過驅動器現有之電流感測器估測馬達端電流電壓進行向量控制，以改善其暫態與穩態之表現。

關鍵字

永磁馬達 ； 諧振濾波器 ； 向量控制 ； 主動共振抑制

並列摘要

This thesis discusses vector control improvement on permanent magnet (PM) motor drive equipped with LC filter. With the innovation of semiconductor technology, wide bandgap materials such as Silicon Carbide (SiC) shows the characteristics of high switching frequency and low switching loss. However high switching frequency results in huge transient current caused by dv/dt and EMI. LC filter can be implemented to reduce the negative influences of high switching frequency. Nevertheless, several drawbacks occur when using LC filter. It includes 1) cross-coupling effect in dq rotational synchronous frame, 2) resonance caused by LC filter natural frequency and 3) amplitude and phase differences between inverter output voltages/currents and machine voltages/currents. These problems affect the dynamic performance and stability of vector control for PM machines. (motor vs. machine, consistent with all thesis contents)
This thesis improves the vector control of PM machine drive with LC filter from three perspectives. First, a cascaded controller design is proposed to solve the LC filter cross-coupling effect for vector control. Second, an active damping compensation using virtual resistor is developed to suppress LC resonance. Third, a state observer is adopted for PM machine voltage and current estimation. Observer related parameter sensitivity is discussed. The estimated signals are then used for prior LC filter decoupling controller and active damping compensation.
By applying the proposed control structure in this thesis, SiC-based machine drive can be equipped with LC filter effectively. More importantly, the vector control is realized using estimated machine voltages and currents from existing current sensors in motor drives. Both transient and steady-state performances are improved by this structure.

並列關鍵字

PM machine ； LC filter ； field-oriented control ； active damping

參考文獻

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