民主進步黨組黨之研究（1978-1987）

A Study on the Party Building of the Democratic Progressive Party (1978-1987)

吳陞銘(Sheng Ming-wu)

指導教授 ： 李柄南

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2008.00944

摘要

於1949年中國國民黨政府遷臺後，實施威權統治，直到1986年民主進步黨成立，期間共三十七年並未產生反對黨。於1960年雷震籌組中國民主黨，因執政當局逮捕雷震而組黨失敗。於1978年美麗島政團推動沒有黨名的黨，籌辦《美麗島》雜誌社，並積極廣設各服務處，相當於政黨的分部。於1979年12月10日在高雄發生了美麗島事件，造成美麗島政團的組黨運動失敗。
於1983年中央民意代表增額選舉，黨外人士為爭取席位，以組織化的方式進行競爭。人民對黨外人士的支持，使得黨外的組黨運動得以推進。於1983年黨外人士分別成立了「七十二年黨外人士競選立委後援會」及「黨外編輯作家聯誼會」、於1984年中央選舉後援會轉化成「黨外公職人員公共政策研究會」，並於各地成立公政會分會，使黨外的組織化日益成熟，便於1986年宣布成立民主進步黨。
民主進步黨之成立並未如雷震籌組中國民主黨、美麗島政團籌組沒有黨名的黨時，遭到執政當局武力鎮壓或逮捕，欲探討其成功之主要因素，必須從臺灣政黨政治發展的特性加以研究，並就雷震籌組中國民主黨與民主進步黨之組黨加以比較分析及參酌國外第三波民主化的特徵，方能有清楚的了解。
本論文之研究發現有六：一、國際局勢影響臺灣政黨政治的發展。二、政治精英結構的轉變使威權體制弱化。三、選舉是凝結黨外勢力之核心。四、中國國民黨由霸權一黨制轉變為務實一黨制。五、政治領導人態度是終結威權體制之關鍵。六、臺灣政黨政治發展具有第三波民主化之共同特徵。
關鍵詞：威權體制、美麗島政團、沒有黨名的黨、第三波民主化

關鍵字

威權體制 ； 美麗島政團 ； 沒有黨名的黨 ； 第三波民主化

並列摘要

After the Nationalist Government relocated to Taiwan in 1949, it exercised authoritarian governance. Until the Democratic Progressive Party was established in 1986, there was no opposing party for 37 years. In 1960, Lei Cheng organized the Chinese Democratic Party, but the party building was failed because the authority arrested Lei Cheng. In 1978, the Formosa Group promoted a party without name, and established the Formosa Magazine. It aggressively established many service locations, which are equivalent to party branches. On December 10, 1978, the Formosa Incident occurred in Kaohsiung, and the party building movement of the Formosa Group was failed.
In 1983, the election for additional members of Central Representatives was held. To fight for seats, non-party members entered the competition through an organized approach. The public support for non-party members promoted the party building movement. In 1983, non-party members established the “1983 Non-party Members Campaign Group for Legislative Election” and “Non-party Members Writers’ Club”. After the central election in 1984, the campaign group transformed into “Public Policy Research Group for Non-party Public Servants”, and branches were established throughout Taiwan. As the non-party organizations became mature, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) was officially established in 1986.
The establishment of DPP was not suppressed or arrested by the authorities, as when Lei Cheng formed the Chinese Democratic Party and the party building of Formosa Group. The main reasons need to be probed from the political development of parties in Taiwan, analysis on the party building of Chinese Democratic Party by Lei Cheng and DPP, and the characteristics of the third wave democratization of other countries.
The findings of this paper are as follow: 1) international state of affairs would affect the political development of parties in Taiwan; 2) the transformation of the political elite structure weakens the authoritarian system; 3) election is the key of cohering non-party forces; 4) Kuomingtang has transformed from a hegemonic one-party system to a pragmatic one-party system; 5) the political leaders’ attitude is the key to the termination of hegemony; 6) the development of political parties in Taiwan shares the same characteristics as the third wave democratization.

並列關鍵字

hegemonic system ； Formosa Group ； a party without name ； third wave democratization

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