船舶碰撞船艏及不同雙層殼結構之抗撞性能分析

Crashworthiness of different types of double hull and bow structures in ship collision

黃韻慈(Yun-Tzu Huang)

指導教授 ： 洪振發

國立臺灣大學/工學院/工程科學及海洋工程學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.02003

摘要

為降低船舶在碰撞過程造成船殼破壞，引致貨品損失與人員傷亡，甚至可能引起後續的海洋污染災難等，在過去20年中，油輪外殼逐漸採用雙層殼，不同船型也有採用雙層殼結構代替傳統的肋骨加強單層結構者；近10年船艏結構之檢討有許多相關研究，嘗試降低船艏剛性，並提高船艏撞擊時之緩衝性能以達到減少撞擊過程的傷害。船舶發生海難事件中，多為觸礁或船舶碰撞事件，本文主要目的在探討船艏撞擊船側雙層殼結構的情況下，不同的雙層殼結構與船艏結構遭受撞擊的過程中的抗撞能力，並觀察其結構件之變形歷程與破壞狀況，歸納不同結構型態之抗撞能力。本文以LS-DYNA非線性有限元素程式分析船舶碰撞過程，撞擊結構的破壞與穿透等現象；針對船艏結構則觀察其外殼、縱向艙壁、縱向與橫向大肋骨等構件在撞擊過程的破壞狀況，並歸納其破壞模式、抗撞阻力及消能。本文分析三種雙層殼結構分別為X型夾心結構、Y型夾心結構與肋板夾心結構並對照傳統肋骨加強板結構；並使用四種不同船艏結構撞擊X型夾心結構比較其抗撞能力之優劣。

關鍵字

船舶碰撞 ； 雙層殼 ； 船艏 ； 結構吸能 ； 抗撞能力

並列摘要

To reduce the damages of structures, injure of crews and loss of cargoes in ship collision, and also to avoid the consequent environment catastrophe, the double hull and mid-deck structures for tanker were requested, and the conventional single hull structures consisted of stiffened plates with deep girders were replace by different types of double hull in some cases; in last decade, the soft bow concept was also proposed to reduce the stiffness of bow structures and improve the capacity of total energy dissipation of ship collision. This study investigated the deformation and damage process of bow and double hull structures in bow-side collision, and evaluated their crashworthiness. The phenomena of rupture and penetration of bow and double hulls during ship collision were analyzed using LS-DYNA code. For outside shell and inside web plates, web frame and deck of bow structures, the damage mode and damage status were observed. In addition, their impact force and energy dissipation were compared. Four different types of hull structures were examined in this study, which are (a) the X-type core, (b) the Y-type core, (c) the flat core double hull and (d) the traditional stiffened plate.
The crashworthiness in ship collision of struck X-type core double hull and four types of bow structures were also inspected, and their reaction force and energy dissipation were compared.

並列關鍵字

ship collision ； double hull ； bow ； crash resistance ； crashworthiness

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