中國汽車產業的所有權與生產力及生產效率關係之研究

The Relationships between Ownership and Productivity, and Efficiency –A Research on China‟s Automobile Industry

鄭俊偉(Jyun-Wei Cheng)

指導教授 ： 林惠玲

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/經濟學研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2011.01907

摘要

2009年中國成為世界最大的汽車生產與銷售國家，同年汽車工業產值佔中國全國工業產值比重達4.29%，因此汽車產業的發展會直接影響中國經濟的成長，而回顧中國汽車產業的發展，自1980年代開始中國政府便鼓勵中外合資設廠，希望透過外資引進新的生產技術與管理資源，但2001年中國加入WTO之後，中國政府除了既定的對外技術合作政策之外，也開始鼓勵本土車廠進行自主研發，這是否意味著外資參與企業的所有權優勢(ownership advantage)不再造成生產績效上明顯的差距？本文選擇汽車產業核心的「汽車整車製造業」為研究對象，利用中國國家統計局2001 ~ 2007年間廠商級(firm-level)的統計資料，就規模以上企業所有權與生產力及生產效率間的關係進行研究，生產力的部分，分別以勞動生產力(labor productivity)與總要素生產力(total factor productivity)衡量，生產效率的部分則使用隨機性邊界法(stochastic frontier approach)估計，以各廠商的技術效率(technical efficiency)來衡量生產效率。結果發現：外資參與企業在二種生產力與技術效率的表現上，均顯著優於其他類型企業(包含：國有企業、集體企業、港澳台參與企業、股份公司、私有企業)，且於2001~2007年間整體中國汽車廠商的平均技術效率有逐年提高的趨勢，從2001年的29.63%提高到2007年的46.13%，另外在中國六大汽車工業集群的生產表現上，珠江三角洲集群的平均勞動生產力最高，長江三角洲集群則在平均總要素生產力與平均技術效率的表現上最好。

關鍵字

所有權優勢 ； 生產力 ； 隨機性邊界法 ； 技術效率

並列摘要

In recent years China has become the largest consumption market as well as the greatest manufacturing factory in the global automobile industry. The output value of automobile industry has also rose to 4.29% of total output values of China in 2009. The development of automobile industry is therefore of considerable importance for China’s economic growth. Since early 1980s, Chinese government has encouraged local and foreign firms to set up joint ventures to access new production technology and management skills. Apart from these pro-cooperation policies, government has also provided great financial support for in-house R&D activities of local automobile firms, especially after China’s entering WTO in 2001.
Does this indicate that the ownership advantages in production no longer exist? Based on the firm-level data set collected by NBS over the period from 2001 to 2007, this paper aims to explore the relationship between ownership and productivity as well as the connection between ownership and efficiency. Labor productivity and total factor productivity are employed to measure firm productivity. What’s more, we adopt the stochastic frontier approach to access company efficiency. The empirical results show that firms with at least partial foreign ownership tend to perform better both in productivity and efficiency. In addition, we also observe an increasing trend in average technical efficiency, from 29.63% in 2001 to 46.13% in 2007. At last, the average labor productivity is the highest in Zhujiang Delta, while the average value of total factor productivity and technical efficiency are the highest in Yangtze River Delta.

並列關鍵字

ownership advantage ； productivity ； stochastic frontier approach ； technical efficiency

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